1. Millennial to Centennial scale variability of the Indonesian Throughflow source waters from the Last Glacial Maximum to present
M. Yusuf Awaluddin
Supervisor : Prof. Dierk Hebbeln
Working Group : AG Hebbeln
Start of the project : Jan 2014
GLOMAR Workshop 48
10 April 2014, Bremen

2. outline Background Motivation Objectives Research Method Progress

3. Educational Background
Bachelor : Marine Science Department, Diponegoro University, Indonesia.
Thesis : Water Mass Characteristics in the Makassar Strait During INSTANT (International Nusantara Stratification and Transport) in June 2005)
Completed : 2005
Master : School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences Flinders University, Australia.
Thesis : Investigation of Rainfall Variability in the Indonesia Region (1900 – 2008).
Completed : 2011
PhD : Bremen Universität.
Thesis : Millennial to Centennial scale variability of the Indonesian Throughflow source waters from the Last Glacial Maximum to present
Started : Jan 2014

4. Why GLOMAR? Contribution?
Right place to endeavour our future in Marine Science.
Great curriculum.
Networking with others.
Research stay in a foreign research institution
Career path
with this letter I wish to state my interest for becoming a member of the Bremen International Graduate School for Marine Sciences (GLOMAR) for the duration of my PhD project.
GLOMAR is known as a good place for students who want to endeavor their future in Marine Sciences. Here, I am particularly interested in following the great curriculum of GLOMAR that will help me to further prepare my future career. For example, the school is not only providing academic course but also courses on transferable skills.
I am a member of AG Hebbeln research group which also focuses on paleoceanographic topics. I always had an interest and passion for oceanography, earth and climate science during my previous studies. Now, I am directing my research towards this promising field.
Being a member if GLOMAR will give me a great chance to interact with many people from over the globe who are related to my field. As a young scientist, I need to develop networking with other scientist. I am applying after carefully reviewing the course curriculum. Since the research focus and facilities available in MARUM and Bremen Universität, I believe that being a student in GLOMAR would not only empower my career development, but also will give me the framework to utilize my full potentials. Moreover I feel that as a PhD student at this school, I can qualify for numerous challenging career opportunities for the time after.
Contribution?
Sharing ideas or experiences.
Joining GLOMAR programs

5. Research Background
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) …
… is world-wide the only low latitude connection between two ocean basins
… transports large amounts of warm water: ~15 Sv (1x106 m3s−1)
… plays a critical role in global ocean circulation
… is influenced by & modulates climate in the Indo-Pacific (and beyond) region.
… still holds secrets about his past development

6. Paleoceanographic research
The outflow to the Indian Ocean has been targeted in many studies.
Less is known about past variations in the ITF source waters before entering the Indonesian Seas.
This is a significant gap in the overall assessment of the ITF variability in the past and its modification within the Indonesian Seas.
(Xu et al. 2010)

7. Objectives
to quantify past sea surface temperature (SST) changes along the main path of the ITF source waters.
to reconstruct the full water column transport of the ITF in the past (Last Glacial Maximum, Heinrich Stadial 1, Bølling-Allerød, Younger Dryas, early and late Holocene).
My expectation :
Results from this study will help assessing the source water characteristics of the ITF.
a better understanding of its modification within the Indonesian Seas.

8. Material & Methods Core Samples : GeoB 17404-3 (h = 404 m)
Sonne 228 expedition
in May-June 2013
EISPAC-WESTWIND project.
Planktic (G.ruber, P.obliquiloculata) & Benthic Foraminifera
Radiocarbon dating 14C ;> KCC-AMS facility University of California Irvine, USA
Mg/Ca Paleothermometry ; (Martin & Lea, 2002), (Anand, et al. 2003)
Stable O & C isotopes

9. PhD’s roller coaster

10. progress

11. Time Plan

12. Thank you