1. Bellringer: -Describe all the differences you can see between these minerals (use mineral characteristics). -What could be different that you cannot see?

2. Minerals
Types and Classes

3. The Silicates
Silicates: Compound of the elements Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O).
90% of minerals are silicates because Silicon and Oxygen are the 2 most common elements in Earth’s crust
Form from the cooling of Lava/Magma
The Si and O join to form Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedrons

4. Silicate Minerals: Quartz:
There are multiple forms of quartz (rose, amethyst, crystal).
Conchoidal Fracture
Mohs Hardness: 7
Luster: Glassy

6. Silicate Minerals Feldspar:
The most abundant family of minerals in the Earth’s crust.
Can be Plagioclase or Orthoclase Feldspar.
2-3 Directions of cleavage.
Mohs Hardness: 6
Luster: Pearly

7. Silicate Minerals Mica:
2 kinds: Muscovite mica (white mica), and biotite mica (black or brown)
One distinct Cleavage (makes long sheets)
Mohs Hardness: 2.5
Luster: Pearly

8. Silicate Minerals Talc:
The softest mineral, talcum powder is pure ground up talc.
1 direction of cleavage
Mohs Hardness: 1
Luster: Pearly/Oily

9. Silicate Minerals Olivine: Olive green silicate
Belongs to a family where silicates bond to metal ions (Fe/Mg)
Ocassionally found in meteors.
Conchoidal Fracture
Mohs Hardness: 6.5
Luster: Glassy

10. Silicate Minerals Garnet: A very common gemstone Conchoidal Fracture
Hardness: 6-7.5
Luster: Vitreous to resinous

11. Carbonate Minerals 2nd most common mineral group.
Contains the elements carbon and oxygen (CO32-) and one or more metallic elements
Examples:
Calcite
Dolomite

12. Carbonate Minerals Calcite: Composed of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
EFFERVESCENT!!!
3 planes of cleavage
Mohs Hardness: 3
Luster: Glassy

13. Carbonate Minerals Dolomite:
Composed of calcium-magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2
Effervescent when scratched or powdered
3 planes of cleavage
Mohs Hardness: 3
Luster: Glassy

14. Halide Minerals Halides:
Contain a halogen ion plus one or more elements
Formed from salt water evaporation
Examples:
Fluorite
Halite

15. Sulfide/Sulfate Minerals
Minerals that contain the element sulfur and one other element, often metallic
Often form from hot water, or solutions
Examples:
Gypsum
Pyrite

16. Pyrite An Iron Sulfide (Fe3SO4) Occurs in 6 and 12 sided crystals
Common Name “Fools Gold”
Greenish-Black streak
Mohs Hardness: 6.0
Luster: Metallic

17. Oxide Minerals Hematite (rust) Magnetite Corundum
Contain oxygen and one or more other element usually a metal.
Can form from magma or from weathering
Examples:
Hematite (rust)
Magnetite
Corundum

18. Hematite The most common Iron Oxide mineral
Red to brown streak on streak plate
Mohs Hardness: 5 to 6
Luster: Metallic (sometimes earthy if it gets worn down)

19. Magnetite A black magnetic iron oxide Mineral has magnetic properties
Black streak
Mohs Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5
Luster: Metallic to Dull

20. Native Elements Elements that exist in relatively pure forms.
Many form from hydrothermal solutions.
Examples:
Silver,
Gold,
Copper.

21. Native Elements Examples (continued): ALLOTROPES OF SULFUR
Carbon
(Diamond and Graphite)
Sulfur
(orthorhombic and monoclinic)
ALLOTROPES OF SULFUR
ALLOTROPES OF CARBON
Allotropes are different forms of a single element that exist because of the multiple ways the element can bond to itself.

22. Mineral Uses Talc – talcum powder
Quartz – Glass, Sand Paper, Amethyst Gems
Galena - Lead ore
Beryl – Emerald Gems
Corundum – Ruby Gems
Gypsum – Drywall
Halite – Rock Salt
Copper – Wire, Jewelry, etc…
Diamond – Gems, drills