1. Basics of Medical Equipment Lecture 3

2. I. Nebulizer
It is a device that delivers the same types of medication as metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), which are the familiar pocket-sized inhalers, but works differently. Nebulizers may be easier to use than MDIs, especially for children who aren’t old enough to properly use inhalers, or adults with severe asthma.
A nebulizer turns liquid medicine into a mist to help treat your asthma. They come in electric or battery-run versions. They also come in a larger size that’s meant to sit on a table and plug into a wall, and a smaller size you can carry with you. Both are made up of a base that holds an air compressor, a small container for liquid medicine, and a tube that connects the air compressor to the medicine container. Above the medicine container is a mouthpiece or mask you use to inhale the mist.

3. Types 1: Electrical 2: Manual

4. Most nebulizers are small, so they are easy to transport
Most nebulizers are small, so they are easy to transport. Also, most nebulizers work by using air compressors. A different kind, called an ultrasonic nebulizer, uses sound vibrations. This kind of nebulizer is quieter, but costs more

5. The basic steps to set up and use your nebulizer are as follows:
Wash your hands well.
Connect the hose to an air compressor.
Fill the medicine cup with your prescription. To avoid spills, close the medicine cup tightly and always hold the mouthpiece straight up and down.
Attach the hose and mouthpiece to the medicine cup.
Place the mouthpiece in your mouth. Keep your lips firm around the mouthpiece so that all of the medicine goes into your lungs.
Breathe through your mouth until all the medicine is used. This takes 10 to 15 minutes. If needed, use a nose clip so that you breathe only through your mouth. Small children usually do better if they wear a mask.
Turn off the machine when done.
Wash the medicine cup and mouthpiece with water and air dry until your next treatment.

6. 1 Immediate Care
1. Switch off the Nebulizer, stabilizer then the main switch and un-plug.
2. Disconnect Nebulizer port from the tubing’s (depending on the type).
3. Wash the Nebulizer pot in warm soapy water and rinse thoroughly with clean water after every use.
4. Reconnect the Nebulizer port to the tubing and blow air from the compressor unit through it for a few seconds.

7. 5. Decontaminate the patient’s mask, wash with soapy water and rinse with clean water
6. Leave the mask to dry
7. Disconnect the Nebulizer port from the tubing and allow it to dry completely.

8. 2 Routine Care
1. Once a week clean the Nebulizer port with disinfectant and rinse with clean water and dry.
2. Check the tubing regularly for cracks and kinking.
3. Cover with clean cloth or in their boxes when not in use.
Note:
1. Do not use a brush to clean the Nebulizer port as it may damage it.
2. Tubing should be replaced after every six months/whenever necessary.
3. Nebulizer port should be replaced after every four months/whenever necessary.

9. Suction Machine
Suction Machine is medical equipment that provides an efficient means of removing body fluids (e.g. blood, mucus, vomitus) from wounds, respiratory tract or body cavities.
Types:
1: Electrical
2: Manual

12. Preparation
1. Make sure the machine is clean, complete and in good working condition
2. Place the suction machine away from the wall and lock the casters.
3. Put some disinfectant in the collecting bottles.
4. Connect the tubing‟s appropriately.

13. Operation (electrical)
Plug into the socket and switch on the mains, stabilizer and machine.
2. Ensure the pilot lamp lights.
3. Connect the suction tube to the patient connector.
4. Fill the collecting bottles not more than 2/3 as the secretions will over flow to the motor causing damage.
5. When one bottle is 2/3 filled, shift to the other bottle

14. Immediate care
1. Suck in decontaminant, clean water before disconnecting.
2. Switch off the machine, stabilizer and main.
3. Unplug the cable from the socket.
4. Disconnect tubing, bottles and empty the content
5. Decontaminate the bottles and tubes.
6. Wash with soapy water, rinse with clean water and leave it to dry.

15. Routine care
1. Make sure that the equipment is clean and dry at all times.
2. Pack the tubing in the drum and sterilize.
3. Check the tubing for the damages or deterioration
Note:
1. Electrical suction machine is not recommended for infants because of the high pressure.
2. There is a pressure low suction machine for babies.

16. Preparation: (Manual type):
Same as electrical
Operation:
1. Put little water in the bottles.
2. Change the catheter after use and dispose off.
Note:
In case the equipment is to be used for babies:-
1. Put little water in the collecting bottle. This is because the disinfectant is harmful to babies in case of back flows.
2. The manual type is recommended for children and babies because of less pressure.

17. Infusion Pump
An external infusion pump is a medical device used to deliver fluids into a patient’s body in a controlled manner. There are many different types of infusion pumps, which are used for a variety of purposes and in a variety of environments.
Infusion pumps may be capable of delivering fluids in large or small amounts, and may be used to deliver nutrients or medications – such as insulin or other hormones, antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and pain relievers.
Some infusion pumps are designed mainly for stationary use at a patient’s bedside. Others, called ambulatory infusion pumps, are designed to be portable or wearable

18. A number of commonly used infusion pumps are designed for specialized purposes. These include:
Enteral pump - A pump used to deliver liquid nutrients and medications to a patient’s digestive tract.
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump - A pump used to deliver pain medication, which is equipped with a feature that allows patients to self-administer a controlled amount of medication, as needed.
Insulin pump - A pump typically used to deliver insulin to patients with diabetes. Insulin pumps are frequently used in the home.

19. Infusion pumps may be powered electrically or mechanically
Infusion pumps may be powered electrically or mechanically. Different pumps operate in different ways. For example:
In a syringe pump, fluid is held in the reservoir of a syringe, and a moveable piston controls fluid delivery.
In an elastomeric pump, fluid is held in a stretchable balloon reservoir, and pressure from the elastic walls of the balloon drives fluid delivery.
In a peristaltic pump, a set of rollers pinches down on a length of flexible tubing, pushing fluid forward.
In a multi-channel pump, fluids can be delivered from multiple reservoirs at multiple rates.
A "smart pump" is equipped with safety features, such as user-alerts that activate when there is a risk of an adverse drug interaction, or when the user sets the pump's parameters outside of specified safety limits.

20. Syringe pumps
Syringe pumps use a series of sensors and a motor driven plunger head to infuse liquid at a precise rate
Applications
Infuse fluids, medication or nutrients into circulatory system
Administers fluids more reliably than humans
Improve patient safety by increasing consistency and accuracy
Assist in investigation of incidents by collecting data in memory

21. Syringe pump parts

22. Syringe pump parts

23. Preventive Maintenance
Replace IV tubing, cassette, and/or syringe
Clean machine and chassis of any solution residue
Verify software and menu settings are appropriate for clinical application
Examine controls and switches for proper function
Confirm lights, indicators, and displays are working
Verify flow stops when device is turned off
If device includes a feature that requires the IV set to be closed before it is disconnected (either automatically or manually), verify that this mechanism is operating properly

24. Check rollers and tubing to see if replacement is necessary
Run self-test, if equipped
Examine plug and line cord
Verify battery chargers and indicators are working
Check suggested replacement date for the battery to see if the date is passed or approaching
Calibrate machine as necessary
Check for unusual noise or vibration
Examine internal cables and connectors
Lubricate as required by syringe pump manufacturer