1. Structure
Function
Immunoglobulins

2. Immunoglobulin's are glycoprotein molecules that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen and function as antibodies.
definition

3. Plasma cell

4. All immunoglobulins have four chain structures as their basic unit
Two identical light chains
Two identical heavy chains
Disulfide bonds
The number on inter-chain disulfide bonds varies among different immunglobulin molecules
Variable and Constant regions
Hinge region
Basic Structure

5. Variable and Constant region
Basic Structure

6. The hinge area gives it flexibility
IgG

7. THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGE OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN SHOW THAT IT IS NOT STRAIGHT AS DEPICTED ON THE PREVIOUS SLIDES. RATHER, IT IS FOLDED INTO GLOBULAR REGIONS EACH OF WHICH CONTAINS INTRA-CHAIN DISULFIDE BONDS. THESE REGIONS ARE CALLED DOMAINS

8. Immunoglobulin Types IgG -Gamma Heavy Chains IgM -Mu Heavy Chains
IgA -Alpha Heavy Chains
IgD -Delta Heavy Chains
IgE -Epsilon Heavy Chains
These differences are based on the amino acid sequences in the constant region of the heavy chains
Immunoglobulin Types

9. IgG and IgM are most commonly used in Blood Banking
IgM Type of Antibody
IgG and IgM are most commonly used in Blood Banking

10. Function of IgG Antibodies
This is the most versatile because it can carry out all of the functions of immunoglobulin molecules
75% of serum immunoglobulins are IgG
The only type that can have Placental transfer
Fixes complement
Binds to Macrophages, monocytes, PMN’s and some lymphocytes
Most significant Antibodies in Blood Banking
Function of IgG Antibodies

11. Function of IgM Antibodies
Exists as a pentamer
Third most common serum immunoglobulin
IgM is the first made by the fetus and the first to be made by virgin B cells when it is stimulated by an antigen
Good at binding complement
Good at agglutination, can react at room temperature
Good at clumping microorganisms for eventual elimination
Function of IgM Antibodies

12. Function of the IgA Antibodies
IgA is the 2nd most common serum immunoglobulin
IgA is the major class of immunoglobulins in secretions- tears, saliva, mucous, clostrum
Does not fix complement
It has another protein associated with it called the secretory piece or T piece that protects it when being transported across mucosa.
Function of the IgA Antibodies

13. IgD and IgE IgD found in very small amounts in blood
Its function is unclear
Possibly can serve as a receptor on the B cell
IgE is the least common in the blood
Binds to Eosinophils, Basophils and mast cells
Involved in the allergic reactions, help in diagnosis of allergies
IgD and IgE

14. A killer cell activated by an antibody
One function of IgG

15. Primary and Secondary Response
Primary response
Occurs after first exposure to antigen
IgM detectable in 3-4 days
IgG detectable in 1 -2 weeks
IgM measurement can indicate if Acute infection
Secondary Response
Re-exposure of Antigen
Antibody production increases rapidly
IgG reaches higher levels than in primary response
IgG remains detectable in the serum or plasma for months to years
Primary and Secondary Response

16. Primary and Secondary response
Vaccine example

17. The wonders of Antibodies
Anitbodies have recognition, specificity and memory
This project was funded at $3,000,000 (100% of its total cost) from a grant awarded under the Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grants, as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. Rogue Community College is an equal opportunity employer/program. Auxiliary aids and services, alternate form and language services are available to individuals with disabilities and limited English proficiency free of cost upon request.
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The wonders of Antibodies