1. Switchover of Moist Pellet to Extruded Pellet , the First Step
UNDP/GEF Project:“ Towards Sustainability in Yellow Sea Mariculture”, June 16-17, Jeju, Korea
Switchover of Moist Pellet to Extruded Pellet , the First Step
for Sustainable Development of Flounder Culture in Jeju Island, Korea
Jeong-Dae Kim
Animal Life System
College of Animal Life Sciences
Kangwon National University
Chuncheon , Korea

2. Contents 1 2 3 4 Conclusion Marine fish farming in Korea
Flounder production in Jeju Island 2
Strategy and challenges forward 3
Conclusion 4

3. Fishery and Aquaculture in Korea
Production 1,000 MT
Next, I will tell you the Fisheries and aquaculture production in Korea.
Caught fisheries are unlikely to increase, and it is expected that the shortfall will be met by aquaculture production.
The significance of Korean aquaculture only came to win people’s attention in the 1970s.
Aquaculture production continued to increase until late the 1980s or early 1990s.
Thereafter, the production fluctuated, mainly due to the advent of adverse environments and the outbreak of red tides and diseases.
Again, aquaculture production has continuously increased since 2001.
(KNSO, 2009)
’08 Total Fisheries Production: 3,362,662 MT 3

4. Mariculture Production in Korea (MT)
(KNSO, 2009)
’08 Mariculture Production (1,382,257 MT):
Finfish, 98,942
Shellfish, 345,022
Crustacean, 1,924
Seaweed, 921,024
Others, 15,345

5. Types of Feed and their amounts used for marine fish farming in Korea
(1996 to 2008) MT
(KNSO, 2009)

6. Types of Fish Feed Live foods Algae Zooplankton By-catch/trash fish
Moist pellet
Formulated
Mash
Floating
Sinking
Mixed
Sinking
Extruded (Floating)

7. Seawater fish farming Flounder Production History 2007 1988 1997 1992
Total: 97,644 tons
Flounder: 41,207 tons
Rockfish: 35,509 tons
1997
Total: 1,290 tons
Yellowtail: 1,258 tons
Flounder: tons
Total: 39,121 tons
Flounder: 26,274 tons
Rockfish : 11,069 tons
1992
Total: 4,595 tons
Flounder: 3,199 tons
Rockfish : tons
Korean Fisheries Yearbook
1989,1991,

8. Flounder farms in Korea
631 farms- 2,415,000 m2 (Year 2008) 71 32
You are here now
232
296
National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives, 2009

9. Jeju island Top Region for flounder production Water temperature:
- Winter above 12 ℃
- Summer below 28℃
- Subterranean water 16~18℃

10. Flounder production in Jeju Island
Year
Production
(MT)
T. Value
(1,000 won)
Av. Value
(won/kg)
2003
16,195
172,137,349
10,629
2004
17,915
177,693,774
 9,919
2005
20,371
174,339,970
 8,558
2006
21,910
223,476,329
10,200
2007
20,804
220,349,391
10,592
2008
25,027
220,062,411
8,793
(KNSO, 2009)
’08 Total Flounder Production: 46,329 MT
54%

11. for flounder culture in Korea (2008)
Feeds used for flounder culture in Jeju Island (2008)
Feeds used
for flounder culture in Korea (2008)
Total 129,389 MT
(Personal estimation)
(KNSO, 2009)
Total 141,502 MT (KNSO, 2009)
Difference (12,113 MT of trash fish) is excluded to be used by dead fish.
Flounder production in 2008: 46,329 tons

12. EP, Mash and Trash fish EP- Extruded Pellet
Mash- compounded powder feed or fish meal
Trash fish- raw fish
MP (moist pellet)
is made by mixing
90~100% raw fish
with 0~10% mash EP

13. Why is MP preferred ? when fish are fed the EP, Fast growth
Good quality fillet
when fish are fed the EP,
Increase in mortality due to the ascites
Poor growth
- Poor quality fillet

14. Results of on-farm experiments
Location: Jeju island
Feed: MP and EP
Feeding period:  12 months (Dec. 19, 2007 to Nov. 3, 2008)
Initial body weight: 33 g (M farm), 94 g and 120 g (S farm)
No significant differences in
- Growth (g) of flounder
- Chemical composition of whole body and muscle
Flavor, texture and overall acceptability of dorsal muscle and
Productivity (profit)
Much higher water pollution (1.5 to 10 folds) was found in MP groups.
(Kang et al., NFRDI)

15. Growth
M farm
S farm

16. Dorsal muscle composition (%)
M farm
S farm
B.Wt
900 g
1000 g
1200 g
Diet EP MP
Moisture
75.6
76.4
75.0
75.7
74.7
75.9
Protein
22.2
21.6
24.1
23.2
23.7
21.9
Lipid
0.6
0.4
0.5

17. Sensory evaluation* dorsal muscle
Items MP EP
Overall acceptability
6.7
6.4
Flavor
6.0
Color
6.2
Taste
6.6
6.1
Texture
6.3
*Point range: 1 (extremely bad or slight) to 9 (extremely good or much); dorsal
Muscle kept in 4 C for 1 h was evaluated by 50 persons.

18. Why is EP not used ? Expensive ? Still unbelievable ?
Because farmers have to buy EP for cash !!!
Trash fish on credit !!!

19. SWOT Analysis Flounder farming in Jeju Island Top 1 fish
Strength
Weakness
Top 1 fish
Year-round production
High mortality
Unstable farm-gate price
SWOT Analysis
Domestic and foreign
consumption potential
- Lean fish
- Use of natural seeds
- Disease & Pollution
Opportunity
Threat

20. SWOT Analysis Flounder farming in Jeju Island Top 1 fish
Strength
Weakness
Top 1 fish
Year-round production
High mortality
Unstable farm-gate price
SWOT Analysis
Domestic and foreign
consumption potential
- Lean fish
- Use of natural seeds
- Disease & Pollution
Opportunity
Threat 22

21. Nutrient loadings from EP feeding
Depends on the FCR and dietary P
EP1: FCR 1.5/P-1.5%
EP2: FCR 1.2/P-1.2%
EP3: FCR 1.0/P-1.0%

22. Nutrient loadings from EP2 feeding in Jeju Island (2008)
Feed used
Flounder
Production
(MT)
Utilization efficiency
(%)
Loadings
Feed EP
Mash
T-fish
Wt. MT
42,462
35,385* DM
39,914
(94%)
10,615
(30%)
26.0%
29,299 CP
21,231
(50%)
7,077
(20%)
33.0%
14,154 P
510
(1.2%)
142
(0.4%)
27.0%
368
*Marketed, unsold and locally consumed fish except dead ones were included.

23. Sustainable flounder farming
does not mean a quantitative increase in production.
It means the qualitative improvement
Feed: MP to EP
Breeding Genetics: Fast growing flounder
Disease control: Vaccine
Safety: HACCP and Traceability

24. Future visions for flounder farming industry
2010
Switchover of MP to EP feed
Development of green flounder seed
Production cost of 6,000 wons
Fillet export
HACCP & Traceability
Goals
2015
Top 1 product of Jeju island through
branded Differentiation
2020

25. Flounder farming industry
Conclusion
1990~2009
Quantitative Development Stage
Ist step
2010~2015
Qualitative Development Stage
Flounder farming industry
2nd step
3rd step
2016~
Sustainable Development Stage

26. Switchover of MP to EP Let’s do it now ! Jeju Island Reduction of
Sustainability
Clean sea
Jeju Island
Flounder industry
Future food
Reduction of
water pollution
Protection of natural seed
stocks

27. Thank You
We can’t support the growth of the aquaculture business using fish to feed fish
UNDP/GEF Project:“ Towards Sustainability in Yellow Sea Mariculture”, June 16-17, Jeju, Korea