1. The Urinary System

2. Functions of the Urinary system
Maintain homeostasis of:
Blood
Fluid volume
Blood pressure pH
Removes waste

3. Fluid intake and output
Food, water by mouth
Cellular respiration

4. Fluid intake and output
Voiding (urination)
Micturition (urination)
Sweat
Exhaled vapor
Feces

5. The Ureters tubes that carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
extension of renal pelvis
10 to 12 inches
primary function is to transport urine
FYI-gravity -hydrostatic pressure
peristaltic action by muscularis layer

6. The Urinary Bladder hollow muscular organ stores urine until excretion
Shape depends on how much urine is present
when filled with urine somewhat pear shaped

7. The Urethra tube leading from bladder to exterior of body
Female-- 1 1/2 in
Male-- 8 in
Internal Sphincter aids in expansion of bladder
External Urethral Sphincter controls urination

8. Urine is made in the kidneys

9. Nephrons functional units of kidney
filters blood by removing waste products
forms urine

10. Nephrons (cont)
regulates blood fluid and electrolyte balance

11. Components of a Nephron
Renal Corpuscle =
contains the Glomerulus and Bowman's Capsule
Renal Tubules = thin twisting ducts of tubes

12. Renal Corpuscle contains: Glomerulus
MAIN FUNCTION IS FILTRATION
Tuft (ball) of capillaries

13. Renal Corpuscle contains: Glomeruler-Bowman’s capsule
Collects fluid
Leads into PCT (proximal convoluted tubule)

14. The Renal Tubules three main sections:
Proximal Convoluted Tubule --PCT
Loop of Henle

15. The Renal Tubules Distal Convoluted Tubule DCT
surrounded by Peri-Tubular Capillaries
reabsorption of fluid back into the blood
secretion of excess ions into urine

16. Urine Production three process involved in Urine Production
all occur in Nephrons
Glomerular Filtration (blood filtered) – in RENAL CORPUSCLE
Tubular Reabsorption (fluid & electrolytes to blood)—PCT & LOOP OF HENLE
Tubular Secretion (from ( blood tubular fluid) - DCT

17. Kidneys size of your fist Paired organs
Renal Fascia = thin membrane on outside of kidney
anchors the kidney to abdominal wall

18. Kidneys Adipose Capsule = adipose tissue around each kidney
--protects the kidney from
trauma
--holds the kidney firmly in place
Renal Capsule = skin-like covering of tissue surrounding each kidney

19. Kidney (cont) Hilus = where the ureter leaves the kidney
Renal Sinus = a cavity within the kidney by the Hilus (contains renal pelvis)
Calyx = channel urine into the renal pelvis

20. Three Major regions of kidney
1. Cortex = outer region of the kidney
2. Medulla = middle brownish area of the kidney contain:
Renal (Medullary) Pyramids = 8 to 18 triangular structures within the medulla
3. Renal Pelvis = region that collect urine

21. Physical Characteristics of Urine
Color = yellow or amber
can vary considerably with diet
Turbidity = clear then turns cloudy
Odor = usually odorless, but can smell if left standing

22. Urine Volume normally one to three quarts per day influenced by:
Blood Pressure
Blood Concentration
Temperature
Diuretics
Emotions
Hormones

23. -Chemical Composition of Urine
Water = 95%
5% solutes from cellular metabolism
Organic Components of Urine
Urea - Uric Acid - Creatine
Hippuric Acid - Ketone Bodies - Others

24. -Chemical Composition of Urine
Inorganic Components of Urine
NaCl Ca NH4+
Mg PO4(3-) SO4 (2-)

25. Abnormal Substances in Urine
Glucose
Ketone Bodies in large numbers
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Billirubin
Large number of microbes

26. FYI
the entire volume of blood in the body is filtered by the kidneys about 60 times each day
filters about 180 Liters (45 gallons) of fluid a day
returns over 99% of the fluid back to the body

27. The end