1. Contrasting Destinies: China and Japan in the Age of Imperialism

2. China
By 18th c., BEIC had replaced the Dutch as main Chinese trading partners
British trade deficit grew
McCartney mission dispatched in 1793 failed to resolve the issue

3. “I set no value on strange or ingenious objects and have no use for your country’s manufactures.”
Qianlong Emperor to King George III

5. Chinese Opium Den

6. Opium War (1839-1842) broke out when China decided to crack down on Opium smuggling at Canton

7. Treaty of Nanking ended the war in 1842 Provisions:
-5 treaty ports opened
-Hong Kong became a British colony
-British in China granted “extraterritoriality”
-Tariff on imports to China set at 5%
-China paid Britain $21m indemnity

9. French cartoon titled
"China -- the cake of kings
and... of emperors"

10. Rebellion was only put down w/help of Western powers
Civil war (Taiping Rebellion) broke out between rebels and Qing gov’t
Causes:
-Foreign domination
-Christian millenarianism
-Qing Dynasty
Rebellion was only put down w/help of Western powers

11. Anti-foreign and anti-Qing sentiment grew throughout late 19th c.
Qing finally overthrown by Nationalist forces in 1911
Republic of China formed in 1912 under leadership of Sun-Yat-sen

12. The Modernization of Japan 1868-1912

13. Commodore Perry’s “Black Ships” arrive in Tokyo Bay-1853

14. Commodore Perry meets with Japanese officials

15. Believing the Japanese could not win a conflict with the U. S
Believing the Japanese could not win a conflict with the U.S., the Shogun agreed to a treaty
U.S. and Japan now freely traded with one another and a U.S. consul was established in Japan
British, Russians, French, and Dutch soon won similar trading privileges

16. Some Japanese criticized the Shogun for not being able to resist foreign powers
Civil war broke out between the supporters of the emperor and the shogun
700 years of rule by the shoguns came to an end when the Tokugawa were defeated in 1868

17. The Meiji Restoration
Crown Prince Mutsuhito became emperor at the age of 16 in 1868
Emperor adopted the title of “Meiji”, meaning “enlightened one”
Emperor took over the Shogun palace in the city of Edo, now renamed Tokyo

18. Emperor Mutsuhito

19. Modernizing the Economy
Old feudal system was abolished
Men from all social classes were drafted into the military

20. The Japanese government financed the growth of new industries…

21. Modernizing Government
New constitution adopted in 1889
Emperor was head of state, but Parliament ran the country
Voting was limited to about 1% of the total population

22. Expansion
New patriotism created by economic and military reforms led to imperial expansion
Japan, like the Europeans and Americans, believed they needed foreign markets and raw materials
Successful wars against Russia and China turned Japan into a world power

23. JAPANESE BATTLESHIPS WIN A SEA BATTLE IN THE SINO-JAPANESE WAR (1894)

24. Japanese depiction of the fighting in the Russo-Japanese War of 1905