1. Egypt

2. What do you think of when you think of Egypt?
Preview & Processing
What do you think of when you think of Egypt?
What river runs through Egypt?
What is considered the gift of the Nile?
Who was Herodotus?
Can you name at least one Egyptian ruler?

8. Facts about the Nile
4100 miles long
Flooding predictable: June=flood
Oct.=rich soil
Herodotus called the silt the “Gift of the Nile”
Worshipped as a god

9. Pop. Lived close to Nile bec. deserts on both sides of the territory
Libyan (Sahara) and Arabian
Helped to keep invaders out
Farming villages: nomes wh = agric. district w/ own gov’t
N. & S. Egypt w/ separate rulers

10. Egypt United
3200 BCE there were 2 Egypt's w/ 2 kings; upper and lower
3100 BCE Menes/Namar = upper Egypt
Memphis
Egyptian dynasties are born
What colors and symbols did Menes place on his newly unified crown?

11. The Kingdoms of Egypt
Old, Middle, New
Old Kingdom ( BCE)
Pyramids
Lgest. In Giza: 481 ft tall and covers 13 acres
Khufu
Built by peasants and slaves
60 still standing

12. Pharaohs=gods
Immortal
Ka: rule from grave wh/ = need for pyramid
1st illness = Pharaoh's power doubted

13. Capt. Moved from Memphis to Thebes Phar. Concerned w/ common people
Middle Kingdom ( BCE)
Capt. Moved from Memphis to Thebes
Phar. Concerned w/ common people
Dug canals for trade
Channeled Nile for irigation
Drained swamps for farm land
Everyone w/ afterlife (no longer just for Pharaohs)

14. Hyksos “rulers of the uplands” Make bronze
2nd illness
70 yrs of civil War
Invaders came to Egypt
Hyksos “rulers of the uplands”
Make bronze
Wage war from horse drawn chariots
New kind of bow
New technique of spinning & weaving

15. Hyksos defeated by Pharaoh Kamose
New Kingdom ( BCE)
Wealth & power
Pharaohs buried beneath desert cliffs
Tutankhamen
Queen Hapshepsut (1478 BCE)
Ramses II ( BCE)
99:150
Temples w/ own likeness

16. Ramses II

17. Need to build empire
Battle of Kadesh
Hittites
“brothers forever” official tie
Ended E’s dominate power
Over time E. would be controlled by the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks and Romans

18. Daily life in Egypt
Social Classes
Nobles: gov. generals, tax collectors, priest, etc.
Women: property trade marriage, divorce
Homes: gardens, wading pools

19. Hard work on “borrowed land,” high taxes Tombs, dams, canals
Peasants
Wall painting in tombs
Hard work on “borrowed land,” high taxes
Tombs, dams, canals
Social mobility
Pharoah’s service (i.e. army)
Read & write
Men & women

20. Slaves
Homes or gold mines
Religion
Maat: live a good life; in search of truth & justice
Osiris (god of the dead)
Weigh heart
Devourer of the Souls
After life: nothing changed

21. Priest
Magical charms, chants: Book of the Dead
More power, slaves & land than pharaohs
Akhenaton = Aton only = monotheism
Tutankhamun = Amun (Amon) & return to polytheism

22. Education
Arithmetic, geometry, surveying
Calendar: Sirius: 365 days, 12 mos. of 30 days + 5 for holydays & festivals
Medicine: heartbeat, broken bones

23. One of the ways we learned about the Egyptians
Writing: hieroglyphics “sacred carvings”
1799 Rosetta Stone
Found by French soldiers who were rebuilding Egypt
3 scripts being used in the time

24. Written in 196 BCE
Found in the town of Rosetta
Written by priest o honor the pharaoh
Deciphered by Champollion in 1822
Papyrus: reed = paper

25. 1st hieroglyphics=religious or important writings
2nd demotic=common
3rd Greek wh/ = occupying the time.

26. The Rosetta Stone

27. Making the Connection Ticket out the Door :
Why is the Rosetta Stone so important to unlocking the mysteries of ancient Egypt?
How did Egypt influence modern societies?