1. Measurement

2. Units of Measurement International System of Units (Metric System)
*Used by scientists and just about everyone else in the world (except U.S.A., Liberia, and Myanmar).*
Units vary by powers of 10
Prefixes plus base units make up the metric system
Example:
Centi- + meter = Centimeter
Kilo- + liter = Kiloliter
Metric Base Units:
Meter for Length
Liter for Volume
Kilogram for Mass
Degree Celsius for Temperature
--United States Customary System, which is derived from the Imperial System (what you’re used to using)
--Become familiar with metric measurements

3. Length METER (m) 1 m = 3.28 ft For small distances:
1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm)
1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters (mm)
1000 meters = 1 kilometer (km)
1 meter = 3.28 ft

4. Mass KILOGRAM (Kg) 454.54 g = 1 pound; 1 kg = 2.2 pounds
1 Kg = 1000 grams; Grams are used for small objects
Mass is the amount of matter something contains and imparts inertia to an object.
Weight is a measurement of the pull of gravity on an object (it’s a force).

5. Volume LITER (L) 1 gallon = 3.8 liters
1 L = 1000 milliliters (mL); milliliters are used for small amounts of liquid
So 1 L is about ¼ of a gallon (about 1 quart)
1 mL is about 20 drops of water or 1 sugar cube

6. Volume Volume is the amount of space enclosed by an object
Calculated by multiplying L x W x H
1 liter (L) is the volume of a cube 1 dm (10 cm) on a side
So 1 L = 10 cm X 10 cm X 10 cm
1 L = 1000 cm3
1 mL = 1 cm3

7. Link between length, mass, and volume
1 cubic cm (cm3)…
= 1 g of pure water
= 1 mL

8. Now we need to learn prefixes…
(They work the same for all metric units!)

9. SMALL TO LARGE UNITS MOVE DECIMAL TO THE LEFT
Metric Conversion
King
Henry
Died By
Drinking
Chocolate
Milk
Kilo
10 x 10 x 10 x
LARGER
than a unit
1 kilo =
1,000 units
Hecto
10 x 10 x
1 hecto =
100 units
Deka
10 x
1 deka =
10 units
Base Unit
Meter
Liter
Gram
1 unit
Deci
SMALLER
1 deci =
1/10 or
0.1 unit
Centi
1 centi = 1/100 or
0.01 unit
Milli
1 milli = 1/1000 or
0.001 unit
km = kilometer
kg = kilogram
kL = kiloliter
hm = hectometer
hg = hectogram
hL = hectoliter
Dkm = dekamater
Dkg = dekagram
dkL = dekaliter
m = meter
g = gram
L = liter
dm = decimeter
dg = decigram
dL = deciliter
cm = centimeter
cg = centigram
cL = centiliter
mm = millimeter
mg = milligram
mL = milliliter
5 kilo
50 hecto
500 deca
5,000 units
50,000 deci
500,000 centi
5,000,000 milli
LARGE TO SMALL UNITS MOVE DECIMAL TO THE RIGHT
SMALL TO LARGE UNITS MOVE DECIMAL TO THE LEFT

10. Move the Decimal Point…
5.02 m = cm = 5,020.0 mm
large unit small unit
(large #)
0.837 mL = L
small unit large unit
(small #)

11. Rule of Thumb… Large unit  small unit = LARGE number
Small unit  large unit = SMALL number

12. Common Metric Prefixes
Kilo- = Unit X 1000; Kilometer (km)
Hecto- = unit X 100; Hectometer (dm)
Deka- = unit X 10; Dekameter (hm)
Deci- = unit / 10; Decimeter (dm)
Centi- = unit / 100; Centimeter (cm)
Milli- = unit / 1,000; Millimeter (mm)
Micro- = unit / 1,000,000; Micrometer (µm)
Nano- = unit / 1,000,000,000; Nanometer (nm)
All conversions involve multiplying or dividing by 10 or a multiple of 10.

13. Be aware that there are actually MANY more…

14. Convert 1.7 km to cm. 1.7 km = ? m 1700 m = ? cm
Multiply by 1000 or move the decimal point to the right three places
1.7 km = 1700 m
1700 m = ? cm
Multiply by 100 or move the decimal point to the right two places
1700 m = 170,000 cm
So, 1.7 km = 170,000 cm

15. Convert 17 mm to meters. So, 17mm = 0.017 m 17mm = ? cm
Divide by 10 to convert to centimeters or move the decimal point one place to the left.
17 mm = 1.7 cm
1.7 cm = ? m
Divide by 100 to convert to meters or move the decimal point two places to the left.
1.7 cm = m
So, 17mm = m

16. Convert 1.7 mL to L Move the decimal point three places to the left.
1.7 mL = L

17. The current standard kg is the
International Prototype Kilogram; composed of a platinum-iridium alloy
(six copies distributed worldwide)
Sphere composed of Silicon-28 likely to become new standard.
Why do you think this would be a preferable alternative?
Dr. R.M. Moody

18. World’s Roundest Object http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMByI4s-D-Y

19. Temperature Temperature: Degrees Celsius Boiling and freezing points
Fahrenheit (F) to Celsius (C) Conversion:
Degrees C = (Degrees F – 32) X 5/9
Degrees F = (Degrees C X 9/5) + 32
Boiling and freezing points
Fahrenheit: Boiling = 212⁰ F; Freezing = 32⁰ F
Celsius: Boiling = 100 ⁰ C; Freezing = 0⁰ C
Dr. R.M. Moody

20. Temperature
The standard unit of temperature in the metric system is Kelvin (K)
At 0 K, also known as absolute zero, molecules do not vibrate
You can figure out the temperature in Kelvin by adding: Celsius + 273
Dr. R.M. Moody

21. 98.6 ⁰F = ⁰C 50⁰C = ⁰F Multiply 50 by 9/5 and add 32.
Subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9.
98.6 ⁰F = 37 ⁰C

22. Density D = M / V How heavy something is for its size
In other words, density is the ratio between mass and volume for a substance:
Density is independent of how much of a substance you have
Mercury and lead have high densities
Air has a low density
D = M / V

23. Density D = M / V The formula tells you the units
Units will be in g/mL or g/cm3
Example: A piece of wood has a mass of 11.2 g and a volume of 23 mL. What is its density?

24. Comparing Densities Which object is the most dense?
Which object is the least dense?
copyright cmassengale

25. Tools

26. Common Apparatuses used to measure Length
Meter Stick
Metric Ruler

27. Common Apparatuses used to measure Length
Tape Measure

28. Common Apparatuses used to measure Volume
Beakers

29. Common Apparatuses used to measure Volume
Erlenmeyer Flasks

30. Common Apparatuses used to measure Volume
Graduated cylinders

31. Common Apparatuses used to measure Volume
Pipet

32. Common Apparatuses used to measure Volume
Micropipette

33. Common Apparatuses used to measure Volume
Volumetric Buret

34. Common Apparatuses used to measure Mass

35. Common Apparatuses used to measure Mass
Analytical
Balance

36. Measuring Temperature: Thermometers

37. Test Tubes and Test-Tube Rack

38. Petri Dishes

39. Slides and Coverslips

40. eyepiece
Body tube
nosepiece
Arm
objective
objective
Stage
objective
Stage clips
Course adj.
diaphragm
fine adjustment
Light source
Base

41. Dissection Tray
Dissection Kit

42. Activity: Sketch a beaker, flask, and graduated cylinder.
Activity: Practice using the pipet.
Activity: Practice using the Triple Beam Balance

43. Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy: Closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value
Precision: Closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way.
If you measured something over and over again, how close would the values be to one another?

44. Accuracy and Precision
Let’s say you were shooting at a target. Draw a target with bullet holes that represents each of the following:
Precise and accurate
Precise and inaccurate
Imprecise and accurate
Imprecise and inaccurate

45. Accuracy and Precision