1. Unit 1:
Early Civilizations

2. Chapter 1: Early Civilizations Section 1: Understanding the Past
Pre-History (until 3,000 BC)
What does this mean?
How do we understand a civilization and culture?
5 themes of geography
Location (Absolute ______________ Relative_________
Place
Human Environment
Movement
Region

3. Who studies the past? Anthropologist
Studies origins and development of people and their societies
Focus on culture
How ideas and values are handed down from one generation to another.

4. Archaeologist Study of past people and cultures
Find and analyze remains of a culture
Collect artifacts (objects made by human beings)
How do they collect data?
Dig
Make map
Use technology to keep records

5. How might these people help?
Geologist
Botanists
Zoologist
Historian

6. Section 2: The Old Stone Age (2 Million BC to 10,000 BC)
Also known as Paleolithic Age
African Beginnings
Mary and Louis Leakey
Found remains of 1st human in Tanzania (1959)
Donald Johanson
Found remains in Ethiopia (1974)
Migration from Africa to Europe, Asia, and eventually Americas
Land Bridge

7. “Lucy”

8. Adapted to environment
How did these people live?
Hunters and Gatherers
Men hunted Women Gathered
Nomads- moved from place to place
Adapted to environment
Tools
Technology
Clothing

9. Did these people have a religion?
Experts say yes; it developed over time
How do they know?
Animism- world is full of spirits in animals, plants
Cave Paintings
Statues
Burial practices
Showed belief in afterlife

10. Neolithic Agricultural Age
1st Farmers
Women noticed things grew from seeds
Domesticate animals
Tame animals
Why hunt when we can keep them around
Growth in Population
Changes way people do things
Interaction
Technology
Animals for work
Tools
Specialization

11. Section 3: Beginnings of Civilization
What is a civilization?
Complex, highly organized social order
How do they come about?
Rise of cities after farmers grow food surplus
River Valley civilizations
Tigris, Euphrates
Nile
Indus
Yellow

13. What are the positives and negatives of a River?- +

14. What are some features of a Civilization?
1. Cities
2. Well organized government
- Power was in hands of priests
-Rulers took over
-Made rules, taxes
3. Religion
-Polytheistic (More than one god)
4. Job Specialization

15. What are some features of a Civilization?
5. Social Class
-Rulers and Priests, merchants, peasants, slaves
6. Arts/ Architecture
-Showed strength and ability of a people
7. Public Works
-Projects to improve life
8. Writing
-Scribes were trained to write

16. The Spread of Civilization
1st emperors
Formed City-States
City and its surrounding area
City-states made up empire
Most were formed along rivers
Egypt, Rome, Athens
Some formed in valleys and mountains
Latin America (Inca, Aztec, Maya)

17. Civilization and Change
Environment
Natural disasters
Over farming
Run out of resources
Interaction
Diffusion cause by:
Migration
Trade
Warfare

18. Homework due tomorrow Begin working on the following: Page 10 Page 14
In order to receive full credit, you must correctly label each question and use the Question/ Answer format (Answer the question in full sentences)
Begin working on the following:
Page 10
# 1, 3, 5
Page 14
# 3, 4, 5, 7
Page 19
# 3, 5, 6 (6 must be in paragraph form)