1. The Industrial Revolution

2. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
FACTORS AIDING THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
CHANGES IN FARMING
INCREASE IN FOOD SUPPLY, INCREASE IN POPULATION
ENGLAND HAD CAPITAL ($) TO INVEST. WITH ENTREPRENEURS’ HELP, THEY CREATED NEW BUSINESS AND NEW PROFITS
NATURAL RESOURCES
MANY MARKETS = MANY WAYS TO MAKE, TRANSPORT, AND SELL GOODS TO.

3. CHANGES IN FARMING
Agricultural revolution begins before Industrial Revolution in the 1700s
Important factors are:
Expansion of farmland
good weather
improved transportation,
new crops like the potato dramatically increased the food supply.

4. Increase in food production = Increase in population
With an increase in food supply, we see an increase in population (finally, enough food to feed yourself, your spouse, and your children!).
Parliament passed enclosure movement laws in the 1700s. As a result, landowners fenced of common lands.
Peasants had to find new places of employment, so they moved to towns.
Increased population led to an increase in labor.
More people = more people looking for work!

5. You’ve got to spend $ to make $!
England had capital ($) to invest with entrepreneurs to create new business and new profits
Britain had a ready supply of money to invest in new machines and factories.
Entrepreneurs found new business opportunities and new ways to make profits ($)
You’ve got to spend $ to make $!

6. Natural Resources
Industrialized countries needed 3 important natural resources:
Water power
Coal
Iron Ore
Water and coal supplied the energy for the machines.
Iron ore was needed to build machines, tools, and buildings.

7. Many markets, many ways to sell goods!
Britain is an island nation.
It has many harbors and 6,000 merchant ships.
These ships sailed to every part of the globe.
Overseas trade gave Britain access to raw materials and markets.
Britain began to desire cotton cloth.
Instead of trading for it, they wanted to learn how to make their own.

8. Cotton Production and New Factories
Great Britain had to develop their own means of producing cotton.
The cottage industry method of producing thread took too long so in 1764, James Hargreaves’ spinning jenny changed the game for cotton production.
Edmund Cartwright’s water-power loom linked the spinning jenny’s quickly created thread to the new ability to weave the thread to cloth.
The cotton industry became even more productive thanks to James Watt’s 1760 steam engine.
Over time, the steam engine powered mills which mass produced cotton.
Britain went from importing 2.5 million pounds of cotton in 1760 to 366 million pounds of cloth in 1840.

9. Factories Grew Out of Cottage Industries
New machines were too large to be used in homes.
Wealthy merchants set up machines in large buildings.
These large buildings became known as factories.
Factory - a large building where goods are made.
They ran off of water and were built near streams.
Cotton cloth became popular.
Most English cotton came from America.
Cotton production increased.

10. Industry Grows and Spreads
The factory created a new labor system.
To be productive, factory owners wanted to run their machines 24/7 and needed laborers to man the machines, 24/7.
They needed workers to mind their factories.
The increase need for laborers led to a larger work force and a need for towns to house the factory workers.
Welcome, child labor!

11. Coal, Iron, & Railroads
Coal was needed to run steam engines, which seemed to be an unlimited resource.
The use of coal led to the use of iron and purification of iron ore.
In 1780, Henry Cort developed a process called puddling which used the coke found in coal to help make a high quality iron.
In 1804, Richard Trevithick, an English engineer, built the first steam locomotive. Better models followed.
As technology improved, better locomotives emerged and the railroad industry began to boom!

12. Coal, Iron, & Railroads The railroads encouraged industrial growth.
They were a fast, cheap way to transport raw materials and products.
The railroads provided new jobs.
The railroads boosted agriculture. It was easier to transport goods (milk, fruit, etc.) to distant cities.
Railroads made travel easier & safer.

13. Social Impact of Industrialization
The population in Europe stood at an estimated 140 million in By 1850, the population had almost doubled to 266 million. The population grew as a result of a decline in death rates, wars, and major epidemic diseases like the plague. People were better fed and more resistant to disease.
Famine and poverty were negative effects of city life. More than 1 million people died during the Irish potato famine.
The Industrial Revolution created an industrial working class.
Conditions in the factories were pitiful. Cotton mills were dirty, dusty, dangerous, and unhealthy. These conditions gave rise to a movement known as socialism. In this economic system, government controls means of production such as factories and utilities.
Based on the followers or Karl Marx, these ideas were promoted to begin a utopian system. Robert Owen, a British cotton manufacturer, was an utopian socialist who believed people would show their natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment.