1. Finding Themes in Literature
A message from the author…

2. The Reader’s Job
Part of your job as a reader is to understand the author’s message.
Writers seldom come out and tell you, “Hey, Reader! THIS is what I want you to GET from my writing.”
You, as the reader, must make inferences and draw conclusions about what the author is trying to express.

3. HEY! What’s the BIG IDEA?!! What does the story mean?
Themes are usually about BIG IDEAS For example:
Freedom
Trust
Friendship
Good vs. Evil
Prejudice

4. So, what is theme? Theme is the message from the author.
Themes can be found everywhere:
Literature
Art
Movies
The theme of a fable is the moral of the story.
The theme of a piece of literature is its message about life and how people behave.

5. THIS is THEME… Theme is the meaning behind the story.
It is an accepted truth about life.
It is NOT a single word, but rather an important statement about society, or human nature.

6. Get to the POINT! Theme is NOT the TOPIC.
Theme IS the POINT being made about the TOPIC.
Theme is a statement about LIFE.
A GOOD theme teaches a VALUABLE lesson about life.

7. Finding the Theme
What is the topic and what is the “BIG IDEA” related to that topic?
What do the characters say or do that relates to the topic?
What do these things tell you that are important to learn about life?
The topic is…
The BIG IDEA is…
The characters say…
The characters do…
The text tells me…
It is important to…

8. Theme topics

9. Common LITERARY TOPICS – Not THEMES!
Loyalty
Education
Homelessness
Prejudice
Honesty
Justice
Friendship
Survival
Family
Love & Hate
Life & Death
Freedom
Poverty & Wealth

10. Characteristically Speaking
Questions to ask yourself when thinking about theme and characters:
How does the character change?
What made him/her change?
What lessons did the character learn?
What are the characters’ feelings about what happens in the story?
What conflicts do the characters engage in and what happens as a result?

11. Finding the Theme
Do you remember the story Charlotte’s Web by E.B. White?
Read the following excerpt to get a clue about the message or theme of this story.
Charlotte stood quietly over the fly, preparing to eat it. Wilbur lay down and closed his eyes. He was tired from his wakeful night and from the excitement of meeting someone for the first time. A breeze brought him the smell of clover—the sweet-smelling world beyond his fence. “Well,” he thought, “I’ve got a new friend, all right! But what a gamble friendship is! Charlotte is fierce, brutal, scheming, bloodthirsty—everything I don’t like. How can I learn to like her,
even though she is pretty and, of course, clever?” Wilbur was merely suffering the doubts and fears that often go with finding a new friend. In good time he was to discover that he was mistaken about Charlotte. Underneath her rather bold and cruel exterior, she had a kind heart, and she was to prove loyal and true to the very end.

12. So, what’s the theme? The topic is FRIENDSHIP
What did we, the reader, learn from Wilbur, the protagonist, as he struggled through his conflict?
Some questions that guide us to the central idea are:
How did the friendship begin? Do the two characters grow closer or drift apart? What prompts these changes? How does the friendship end? Do the characters forget each other afterwards, or do they keep some kind of connection?
We learned that friendships are not all about first impressions.
We learned that sometimes friendships require sacrifice.
We learned that friendship is one of the most satisfying things in the world.

13. Theme & Topic Match Up
Courage Revenge Jealousy Dreams
Be careful how you treat other people; they may treat you the same.
Face your fears and you can defeat them.
Do not wish for what others possess. Be happy with what you have.
Work for what you want in life and you can achieve any goal.
_______
Revenge
Courage
Jealousy
Dreams

14. How to write a thematic statement

15. Creating general thematic statements
Topic: Courage Theme: Courage lets people attempt difficult tasks in their lives even when the possibility of failure is very high.
(Thematic idea)
(statement about the thematic idea)

16. Creating thematic statements specific to a literary work.
Literary Work: Shiloh
Topic: Justice
Theme:
In the book Shiloh, Phyllis Naylor presents the idea that there are exceptions to every rule and that it is necessary throughout life to stand up for what you believe is right.
(Name of literary work)
(Name of author)
(statement about what the literature teaches the reader )