1. The Industrial Revolution (1750-1915)
10:3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States

2. I. Causes of the Industrial Revolution
Farming Changes: During the 1700’s, farmers were able to reclaim more land to plant, made better use of land, and used fertilizer to improve the soil.
Enclosure Movement: In the 1700’s, rich landowners and the English Parliament began taking away land from peasants and were able to harvest more which made farming profitable.

3. C. Population: The population of England rose from 5 million in the 1700’s to 9 million in 1800.

4. D. New Technologies
James Watt-Based upon another inventor’s steam engine. Watt’s steam engine revolutionized the world by introducing the train and steamships.
Abraham Darby-Produced less expensive & better iron.

5. Steam engine

6. Railroads

7. II. The Industrial Revolution starts in England
Natural Resources: England had the advantage of a large navy, canals, and a transportation system that enabled them to transport goods to the world
England’s government supported economic growth.

9. C. New inventions in the textile industry speed production
C. New inventions in the textile industry speed production. The cotton gin increased cotton production & made it more profitable.
D. As factories & technology increased the price of good decreased.

10. Cotton Gin, invented by E. Whitney

12. III. Society During the Industrial Revolution
Urbanization-The movement of people from the country to the city.
Social Classes during the Industrial Revolution
Upper class elite, 5% (owned most of the country’s wealth)
Middle classes, 15% (women worked at home raising kids)
Lower classes, 80% (lived mostly in tenement housing-tightly packed apartment like housing)

13. Urbanization since 1950

14. C. Working Conditions
Long Hours- Most factory workers labored between hours a day, 6 to 7 days a week.
Unsafe Conditions-Miners worked in unsafe conditions in which death and injury were commonplace.
Child Labor-Although a necessity for some families, eventually child labor was limited to 12 hours a day in England.
Children often worked in mines

15. 1. Thomas Malthus-Believed that if the population increases faster than the food supply, poverty will be unavoidable.
2. Adam Smith-Published a book called The Wealth of Nations in which he stated that the government should promote a free market which would increase production and lower prices.
3. Jeremy Bentham-Believed that the goal of society is to produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. This belief is also known as Utilitarianism.
D. New Beliefs
According to Malthus and this graph, is the world in trouble?

16. 4. Robert Owen-Owen believed that a Utopian (perfect world) society could be established on earth and tried establishing a Utopian community.
5. Karl Marx-Marx believed that the proletariat class (common workers) should own the wealth of a nation. His most famous book The Communist Manifesto becomes the basis for communism during the 20th century.

17. E. Science During the Industrial Revolution
1. Traditional Beliefs are challenged by Charles Darwin who wrote On the Origin of Species which stated that all living organisms evolve over the course of millions of years.
2. The Social Gospel- In response to Social Darwinism, Christians fight for better working conditions, healthcare, end of slavery, and women’s suffrage.

18. How does this picture explain evolution?
Theory of Evolution
How does this picture explain evolution?

19. F. Health Care Advances
Louis Pasteur-In 1870, Pasteur was the first to prove that tiny microbes resulted in diseases. Pasteur is also famous for pasteurization of milk.
2. John Lister-Discovered how antiseptics prevented disease.
Importance: New advances in health care caused the population of Europe to explode

20. Think, Pair, Share What was the temp. in 1880?
What can you say about the earth’s temp. since 1880?
How has the IR impacted temperature?

21. Think, Pair, Share
What can you say about coal, oil, and gas since 1751?
How has the IR impacted temperature?

22. G. The Arts
1. Romanticism ( )-A movement of writers who returned to ancient Greek/Roman writings and emphasized order, harmony, reason, and emotions.
Famous Writers: William Wordsworth, William Blake
Famous Musician: Ludwig van Beethoven
Famous Artist: Delacroix

23. 2. Realism (Mid 1800’s): This movement tried to represent life the way it was instead of portraying life in a mythical or romantic way.
Famous Writers: Victor Hugo, Charles Dickens
Famous Artists: Gustave Courbet

24. 3. Impressionism
(Around1870’s) This
art movement was a
response to
photography and the
realistic images that
resulted
from photography.
Famous Painters: Claude Monet, Edgar Degas

25. IV. The Industrial Revolution Spreads to Europe and North America
New Technologies
Henry Bessemer-Revolutionized the steel industry by making it lighter and stronger.
2. Alfred Nobel-Invented dynamite but felt guilty about his invention and donated large sums of his money to people who benefited society.

26. 3. Thomas Edison-Invented the light bulb as well as many other inventions.
4. Karl Benz-Although no one individual can be given credit for “inventing” the automobile, Benz was the first to receive a patent in 1886.
5. Guglielmo Marconi-Developed the first radio

27. Sources