1. THE PERIPHERAL AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Chapter 9

2. State Standard
23) Describe the location, structures, and primary functions of the anatomical parts of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Differentiate between the structures and functions of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, sympathetic nerves, and parasympathetic nerves. Determine how the phenomenon of biofeedback relates to the structures of the PNS.

3. Objective Students will be able to…
Describe the parts and functions of the peripheral nervous system.
Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system functions.
Identify the cranial nerves

4. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Includes all of the nerves of the body and ganglia
Connects the central nervous system to various body structures
Controls the involuntary (automatic) activities of vital internal organs
Acts as a reflex center of body
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

5. NERVES
Sensory (afferent) nerve - fibers carry impulses from sense organs to the brain or spinal cord
Motor (efferent) nerve - fibers carry impulses from brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands
Mixed nerve - contains both sensory and motor fibers
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

6. CRANIAL AND SPINAL NERVES
The cranial nerves are 12 pairs of nerves that begin in various areas of the brain (covered on the next slides)
The spinal nerves originate at the spinal cord and go through openings in the vertebrae (carry messages to and from the brain to the body)
31 pairs of spinal nerves
All 31 pairs of spinal nerves are mixed nerves
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

7. Cranial Nerves
12 pairs of nerves that originate in the brain structures
Numbered using roman numerals and have various functions

8. Cranial Nerves

9. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Includes nerves, ganglia, and plexuses that carry impulses to all smooth muscle, secretory glands, and heart muscle
Regulates the activities of the visceral organs
Heart, blood vessels, respiratory, alimentary canal, bladder, reproductive organs
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

10. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
There are two divisions:
Sympathetic system - consists of two cords of nerve fibers and ganglia extending from base of brain down through spinal column (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic system
Vagus nerve - chest and neck
Pelvic nerve - hip region
Both are highly influenced by emotion
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

11. In times of emergency the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body to act
Increased heart rate
Increased respirations
Increased blood pressure
Decreased digestion
After the emergency, the parasympathetic nervous system counteracts actions of the sympathetic nervous system
Decreased heart rate
Decreased respirations, etc.

14. DISORDERS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Neuritis
Sciatica
Bell’s palsy
Shingles (herpes zoster)
Carpal tunnel syndrome
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

15. Neuritis Inflammation of a nerve or a nerve trunk
Severe pain, hypersensitivity, loss of sensation, atrophy, weekness
Causes
Infections, chemical exposure, alcoholism
Due to lack of vitamin B
Treated with pain killers

16. Sciatica Form of neuritis that affects the SCIATIC NERVE
May be due to a ruptured disc or arthritis
Symptoms include pain that radiates through
the buttock and behind the knee to the foot,
difficulty walking
Treatment is therapy, exercises, and surgery

17. Bell’s Palsy Involves the 7th cranial nerve
Patient appears to have had a stroke on one side of the face
Eye does not close completely, the mouth droops on one side
Cause is unknown
Treatment- massage, and heat application, usually disappears in a few weeks

18. Shingles Viral Nerve infection Unilateral (one sided) Very painful
Related to Previous exposure to chicken pox
There is a vaccination against shingles now

19. Carpal Tunnel
Affects the median nerve and flexor tendons that attach to the bones of the wrist
These nerves pass through a tunnel at the base of the wrist
Repetitive movement of the wrist can result in swelling of this canal causing pain weakness and tingling sensations

20. Activity Cranial Nerve Testing
Open the Cranial nerves lab activity on the class website
Read p. 410 over cranial nerves
With a partner complete the following lab activities under cranial nerve lab activities tab.
P. 413 Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves
you will need a pen light
P. 418 Accessory Nerve
P. 419 Hypoglossal Nerve
***Have we met our objectives
Exit ticket: Individually answer the following analysis questions at the bottom 3,4,5,12, 13, 16

21. Activity Create a Cute illustration comparing and contrasting….
Fight or Flight (sympathetic) and Rest and Digests (parasympathetic)
Include what the body does in each of these reactions
Make these creative and colorful
Do not use this one
And don’t just copy one
BE CREATIVE and ORIGINAL