1. Instructions
Step 1: Complete the Graphic Organizer Chart by viewing this PowerPoint show.
Step 2: Answer the “Follow Up” questions on the back of the page after the graphic organizer is complete. (Use slides #19-21 to answer these questions)
Note: The slides are animated so view it as a show!

2. The 13 Original Colonies
Exploring the who, when, where, and why behind the 13 original colonies of early America.

3. Colony #1: Virginia Founded in 1607 (Jamestown) Southern Colony
Captain John Smith is given credit for starting this colony.
Many people migrated (moved) to Virginia from England with the intention to make money and create a better life.
Economy: The economy was based mainly on agriculture (growing crops to make money). The most profitable of these “cash crops” was tobacco.
Statue of John Smith

4. Colony #1: Virginia
A Pocahontas statue was built in Jamestown, Virginia in 1922 for her role in helping the early settlers.
At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of old English ships are docked in the harbor.
Map of Virginia published by John Smith (1612)

5. Colony #2: Massachusetts
Originally founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims - also known as “Plymouth Colony”
New England Colony
John Winthrop created this as an official colony around 1630, after the Pilgrims came.
The Pilgrims originally settled the colony as a place where they could practice religious freedom (their religion was hated by the King of England)
Later on, Winthrop wanted Mass. to be a place where other Puritan people could escape England and practice religious freedom as well
Plymouth Plantation, with Cape Cod Bay visible in the distance
Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

6. Colony #2: Massachusetts
Economy: Due to a colder climate that made growing crops difficult, Massachusetts’ economy was mixed. They had some agriculture, but relied mainly on trade, manufacturing, and even fishing to make money.
Note: Only people who were Puritan were accepted in Massachusetts. Religion was very strict. Anyone who wasn’t Puritan and didn’t follow religious rules was persecuted (hated on).

7. Colony #2: Massachusetts
The first Thanksgiving celebration between the Native Americans and Pilgrims.

8. George Calvert, a.k.a. “Lord Baltimore”
Colony #3: Maryland
Founded in 1634
Southern Colony
George Calvert, also called “Lord Baltimore,” was given a charter (legal agreement) by the King of England to own the land that became Maryland. He started this colony as both a way to generate profit AND as a place for religious freedom.
Economy: Maryland’s humid climate made agriculture ideal. They grew corn, wheat, rice, indigo, and even some tobacco.
Maryland also had some manufacturing and shipbuilding
George Calvert, a.k.a. “Lord Baltimore”

9. Colony #4: Rhode Island Founded around 1636 New England Colony
Rhode Island became a colony after Roger Williams, a clergyman (priest), obtained a charter from England to form the colony.
Williams wanted people who were seeking more religious freedom and tolerance to come to Rhode Island.
Economy: RI’s economy was mixed. They raised livestock (animals), had fishing, and had a lumber industry thanks to their forests.
Roger Williams

10. A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.
Colony #5: Connecticut
Also founded in 1636
New England Colony
Thomas Hooker, another clergyman, founded this colony. He led a group of people from Massachusetts to start their own colony where they could have more freedom of religion.
Economy: The soil here made growing crops easier than other northern colonies. Crops included corn and wheat. Closeness to water also led to a good fishing industry.
A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.

11. Colony #6: North Carolina
Founded in 1653 by English nobles (rich people)
Southern Colony
King Charles II of England granted to charter for this colony to be formed. It was formed to make money.
The city of “Charleston” became one of the only heavily populated cities in the southern colonies.
Economy: Almost entirely based on agriculture. Crops included rice and tobacco
Map of North and South Carolina – Originally, they were one colony called “Carolina”

12. Colony #7: South Carolina
In 1729, South Carolina became an official colony after a political dispute split it apart from N. Carolina
Southern Colony
Economy: Same as in North Carolina, only more tobacco.
A tobacco farm in South Carolina

13. Colony #8: New York
Started as “New Netherland”, a Dutch colony in 1609
James, also called the “Duke of York” was given the colony as a gift by his brother King Charles II.
The English took over in 1664 and renamed it “New York” in honor of James, who hoped it would be a center of trade.
Middle Colony
Economy: Mixed between agriculture, trade, and manufacturing
Note: New York City did not become as big until the 1800’s
James, Duke of York

14. Colony #9: New Hampshire
Originally founded in 1623
New England Colony
The history of NH is complicated. It was founded as a fishing village early on by Captain John Mason. In 1641, Massachusetts claimed that NH was part of their colony and called it the “Upper Province.” Then, in 1679, it was purchased by England and became a “Royal Province” before switching again to Massachusetts in Finally it became an independent colony in 1741 and elected its own governor.
Economy: Based mostly on fishing and shipbuilding, due to the amount of forests there.
Map of New Hampshire – Note how close it is to Massachusetts

15. Colony #10: Pennsylvania
Middle Colony
In 1681, William Penn was granted a charter for land between Maryland and New York by King Charles of England.
Penn set up PA as a place where other Quakers could settle. Quakers were a unique group that believed in two things not found in most other colonies:
Complete religious freedom
Social equality
Economy: Mixed between agriculture, trade, and manufacturing
Crops include: wheat, corn, livestock
Manufacturing includes shipbuilding (lots of forests there)
Painting of William Penn – Quaker Oats, anyone?

16. Map of Delaware, the second smallest colony
Colony #11: Delaware
Founded around 1638
Middle Colony
Another complicated story. Peter Minuit, from Sweden, and his trading company are given credit for founding the colony. It was mainly used as a trading outpost. However, starting around 1682, the territory was disputed over by Pennsylvania and Maryland for about 100 years.
Fun Fact: Delaware gets its name from “Lord de la Warr”, an English nobleman.
Economy: Mostly agricultural. Crops include wheat, rice, and indigo. Because of its closeness to water, it also served as a place for trade.
Map of Delaware, the second smallest colony

17. Map of New Netherland (17th century)
Colony #12: New Jersey
Like NY, it was originally settled by the Dutch, until the British took over in 1664.
Middle Colony
NJ was given to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret as a gift from the Duke of York. It was named after the “Isle of Jersey” in England. It was advertised as a colony of both economic opportunity AND religious tolerance, so many diverse people came to settle here.
Economy: Mainly agriculture but also included iron mining. Proximity to NY allowed for trade too.
Map of New Netherland (17th century)

18. Portrait of James Oglethorpe
Colony #13: Georgia
Founded in 1733 (last English colony founded)
Southern Colony
James Oglethorpe was granted a charter to start Georgia for the poor and unfortunate who fled England.
It was treated as a “buffer zone” (safe space) between the Spanish and the English colonies.
Economy: Entirely agriculture. Crops included rice and sugar.
Portrait of James Oglethorpe

19. The New England Colonies (Recap)
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Characteristics:
Cold climate; shorter growing season for crops
Most colonies founded for religious freedom
Higher population and more cities
Economy was based on trade and production, with some agriculture
Some families ran small farms
More access to education – more people could read/write than in the south
Towns did NOT have religious tolerance – mostly everyone was Puritan
Jobs included trade (merchants), fishermen, and small farmers

20. The Middle Colonies (Recap)
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Characteristics:
Moderate climate; longer growing season than New England
Originally explored and settled by the Dutch, but taken over by England
Colonies founded for a mix of economic opportunity and religious tolerance
Had much more diversity than New England – people came from all over (lots of ethnicities, lots of different religions)
Economy in these colonies was mixed between trade, agriculture, and production
Had both small and large farms that grew mostly grains (corn, wheat, etc.)

21. The Southern Colonies (Recap)
Virginia
Maryland
North and South Carolina
Georgia
Characteristics:
Warm climate; longest growing season; soil was great for planting crops
Most colonies were founded for economic opportunity (money making)
Economy was mainly based on planting cash crops like tobacco, rice, and sugar
Had large farms called “plantations” where labor was provided mostly by slaves
Had a much lower population than New England and Middle colonies
There was more religious tolerance here than in New England