1. A direct object tells who or what receives the action of the verb.
Direct object pronouns
A direct object tells who or what receives
the action of the verb.
Devolví el libro. I returned the book. (book is the direct object)

2. To avoid repeating a direct object noun, you
Direct object pronouns
To avoid repeating a direct object noun, you
can replace it with a direct object pronoun.
In English, him, her, and it are examples of
direct object pronouns. You have already
used the following direct object pronouns in
Spanish:

3. Direct object pronouns

4. Direct object pronouns have the same gender
(masculine or feminine) and number (singular
or plural) as the nouns they replace. They
come right before the conjugated verb.
¿Devolviste los libros a la biblioteca? No, no los
devolví.
¿Ayudaste a tu mamá en casa? Sí, la ayudé.

5. When an infinitive follows a verb, the direct
Direct object pronouns
When an infinitive follows a verb, the direct
object pronoun can be placed before the
conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive.
¿Sacaste el libro sobre Simón Bolívar? No, no lo
pude sacar. o: No, no pude sacarlo.

6. Irregular preterite verbs: ir, ser
In the preterite, the forms of ser are the same as
the forms of ir. The context makes the meaning clear.
El cantante Jon Secada fue a vivir a Miami, Florida,
en 1970.
The singer Jon Secada went to live in Miami, Florida,
in 1970.
Después fue estudiante en la Universidad de Miami.
Later he was a student at the University of Miami.

7. Irregular preterite verbs: ir, ser
Notice that these irregular preterite forms do not have any accents.

8. Irregular preterite verbs: ir, ser

9. Irregular preterite verbs: ir, ser

10. The preterite forms of tener, estar, and
Irregular preterite verbs:
hacer, tener, estar, poder
The preterite forms of tener, estar, and
poder follow a pattern similar to that
of the verb hacer. Like hacer, these
verbs do not have any accent marks
in the preterite.

11. Irregular preterite verbs:
hacer, tener, estar, poder

12. Irregular preterite verbs:
hacer, tener, estar, poder

13. The written accent
You already know the standard rules for stress and accent in Spanish.
• When words end in a vowel, n, or s, the stress is on the next-to-last syllable.
• When words end in a consonant (except
n or s), the stress is on the last syllable.
• Words that do not follow these patterns
must have a written accent (called acento
ortográfico or tilde). The accent indicates
that you should place the stress on this
syllable as you pronounce the word.

14. Listen to and say these examples: champú olvidó cómodo médico
The written accent
Listen to and say these examples:
champú olvidó cómodo médico
película patín jabón adiós
demás césped fútbol lápiz

15. ¡Compruébalo! Here are some new words
The written accent
¡Compruébalo! Here are some new words
that all require accent marks. Copy the
words and, as you hear them pronounced,
write the accent mark over the correct
vowel.
antropologo cajon carcel ejercito fosforo
lucho nilon util tipico lider

16. Listen to and say the following refrán:
The written accent
Listen to and say the following refrán: