1. Revolutionary War Notes

2. A Country Divided
2/5th - Patriots
Mostly in New England and VA

3. A Country Divided
1/5th- Loyalits= Tories
Mostly in NY and South

4. Colonies Divided Native Americans African Americans
Have to decide which side will treat them best if they win

5. Americans- Disadvantages
Had to start Army/Navy from Scratch
No formal government to make decisions
Scarce supplies: money, clothing, food, guns, ammo

6. Americans-Advantages
Better leadership-Washington
“Home Field Advantage”
Tactics/Strategy-guerilla warfare
Foreign Aid- France as an ally
Motivated to save own land
Cause=Independence
Control of Countryside

7. British Disadvantages
Far away from Britain, sending orders, getting news takes 2 months
Fought using old strategies-unwilling to change
Has a worldwide empire to worry about

8. British Advantages Best Army and Navy in the world
Also 30,000 hired mercenaries
Superior weapons
Controlled major cities (NY and Boston)
Richest nation in the world
Strong and organized government

9. Early Strategies-American
Score early victories to show they were for real
Keep army away from major cities
Drum up support-gain more patriots
Gain foreign allies-France, Spain
Make British taxpayers grow weary of paying for war

10. Early Strategies-British
Occupy major coastal cities-take advantage of better Navy
Drum up Loyalist support
Crush the Continental Army before it has a chance to gain momentum

11. War in the North Patriots drive British from Boston, NYC
Britain gets serious about war, sends huge amount of troops, ships, supplies
Britain kicks patriots out of NYC
Begins a year of defeats for Washington and Continentals

13. Trenton
Dec. 25, 1776
Continentals are in bad shape after many losses, casualties, few supplies
Most soldiers enlistments ending
If Washington does not take immediate action the revolution is likely over

15. Trenton
Washington’s bold plan- cross Delaware River on Christmas night
Surprise attack on German Hessians
Result: 30 Hessians killed, 918 Captured
Result: Only 4 Colonists killed
Result: Many guns, ammo captured. Supplies,
Result: Major morale boost for Washington and Continental Army

16. Trenton

17. Princeton
Jan. 3, 1777
Washington builds on success, attacks 1200 British and captures or kills 1/3
Only 40 Continental casualties

18. 3 Reasons Trenton and Princeton were major victories
1. Boosted Patriot morale
2. Britain left New Jersey- remains in Patriot hands the rest of the war
3. Continental Army gains much needed supplies and weapons

19. The Revolutionary War 1777-1778 Major Battles

20. Saratoga
Oct. 17, 1777
Part of British Army had gone to Canada to attack from the North
They were supposed to meet up with main British Army in NYC
The Continentals defeated the British in several battles around Saratoga

23. Saratoga British surrendered 5800 men, supplies
Is a major turning point in war towards a Patriot victory
France sees success and becomes and ally, sending troops and $$
Later Spain joins fight against British as well--global war for British!

24. Valley Forge, Penn..

25. Valley Forge
In late 1777, British force Continentals out of Philadelphia
They set up a winter camp at Valley Forge, PA
Very poor conditions- few supplies, food, not proper clothing for winter
1/4 died from starvation, cold, disease

28. Baron Von Steuban Prussian Officer
helped instill discipline in the Continental Valley forge
Troops loved him!
Cont. Army becomes formidable fighting force=Battle of Monmouth

29. Ch. 7 Sec. 2 Reading Quiz
1. In 1778 and 1779, the Patriots signed a treaty of Alliance with what two countries?
2. Namesome hardships endured at Valley Forge.
3. What is a bayonet?
4. George Rogers Clark led the Patriots fighting in what region of the colonies?
5. Describe the contributions of John Paul Jones to the Patriot cause.

30. American Navy Built from scratch- few in numbers
Each colony had its own small navy
Pay: $32/month for captain
$8/month for seamen
Bounties- 1/2 of profits from British warships

31. American Navy At the beginning of the war the British control the seas
Changes when France and Spain enter the war to help the Americans
John Paul Jones- “I have not yet begun to fight”- took the war at sea to Britain
Privateers:
A privately owned ship that a wartime government gives permission to attach an enemy’s merchant ships

33. War on Frontier George Rogers Clark- 24 yr old
Travels through PA, OH, IN, IL
Recruits soldiers along the way
Captures British forts at Kaskaskia, Vincennes
Gave a huge amount of land to the Americans

34. War in the South- Whigs vs. Tories
Whigs: loyal to the Continental Congress
Tories: British loyalists and sympathizers
Most brutal acts of war occurred between Whigs and Tories in the South
Excuse to repay old grudges
British army much more successful in South- captured Savannah and Charlestown

35. Swamp Fox Francis Marion- led a band of about 20 patriots on horseback
Used guerrilla tactics
Cut British supply lines, communications
Nathaniel Greene replaces Gates
Americans lead British on chase all through South, wasting British time and money=

36. Yorktown Washington’s Army & French Navy Trap Cornwallis Oct 19 1781
Cornwallis Surrenders men
1783 Treaty of Paris

37. Why the Americans won the war:
1)Better Leadership: pg 196
G. Washington learned from mistakes, never lost his army, guerilla war
ｷ Poor British generals, Burgoyne
Foreign Aid:
France, Spain, Holland=Britain was fighting a GLOBAL WAR
Knowledge of the Land
British could control coastal cities, but NOT THE COUNTRYSIDE
Motivation:
Americans= Liberty, homes, family, freedom, property
British= Paycheck
To summarize, the Americans simply wore the British down.

38. Casualties Inaccurate records 25,000 Patriots/10,000 British killed
6004 wounded
Does not count those dying from disease, starvation, freezing

39. Financing the War Most difficult problem for the Americans
No money in treasury
No authority to tax
$1 in paper money was worth 2 cents
America left deeply in debt after war-
$27 million

40. Treaty of Paris- 1783 Britain acknowledges American independence
Boundaries: W. to Mississippi, N. to Canada, S. to Florida
Each side repays any war debts
British return captured slaves-reality

41. Fate of Loyalists Approx. 80,000 left America
4,000 African Americans went to Canada
Many lost land, money, property