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Newstrom
12/e PPT
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Chapter Fifteen
Stress and Counseling
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Chapter Objectives
To understand:
The role of stress in employee health
Extreme forms of stress reactions
Causes and symptoms of stress
Organizational effects of stress
Actions that may prevent or reduce stress
Different counseling functions
Three types of counseling and their usefulness
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Employee Stress
Typical Symptoms
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5. Extreme Products of Stress
Employees need resilience
Effects dependent on length and strength of stress, and employee’s recovery power
Burnout
Symptoms and effects
Workaholics
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6. Extreme Products of Stress
Workplace Trauma
Causes
Attitudinal clues
Fears of physical harm
Workplace violence
Posttraumatic stress disorder
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7. Causes of Stress Stressors Work and Non-work Related
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8. Typical Causes of Stress on the Job
Work overload
Time pressures
Poor quality of supervision
Insecure job climate
Lack of personal control
Inadequate authority to match responsibilities
Role conflict and ambiguity
Variance between company and employee values
Change of any type
Frustration
Technology with inadequate training or support
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9. Causes, Types, and Consequences of Stress
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Frustration
The result of a motivation being blocked
Defense mechanisms
Types of reactions
Sources of frustration
Hassles
Abusive supervision
Supportive management is needed
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11. Stress and Job Performance
Effects of Stress on Performance
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Stress Vulnerability
Stress Threshold
Low versus high
Perceived control
Type A and Type B behaviors
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13. Approaches to Stress Management
Three Approaches
Prevent
Escape
Cope
Types of Support
Social
Relaxation
Sabbaticals
Personal wellness
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Employee Counseling
Goals of Counseling
Improved mental health and well-being
Feeling comfortable about oneself
Feeling right about others
Able to meet the demands of life
Need for Counseling
Emotions cause problems
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15. Functions of Counseling
Advice
Reassurance
Communication
Release of emotional tension
Clarified thinking
Reorientation
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16. The Manager’s Counseling Role
Counseling is part of the job
Training is needed
Most problems are a combination of factual and emotional content
Don’t look for emotional content if a rational answer problem solves the problem
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Types of Counseling
A continuum of counseling styles
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Types of Counseling
Directive
Listening, then telling and motivating
Reorientation is seldom achieved
Often not accepted by modern employees
Nondirective
Client-centered
Requires skillful listening
Feelings need to be accepted
Used by professionals
Emphasizes changing the person
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19. Iceberg Model of Counseling
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Types of Counseling
Nondirective Limitations
More time-consuming and costly
Depends on a capable, willing employee
Must not become a crutch
May be insufficient because employee returns to the same environment
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Types of Counseling
Participative
Mutual exchange of ideas
Integrates ideas of both into counseling relationship
More active counselor role
Combines advantages of directive and nondirective counseling, but avoids most disadvantages
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Types of Counseling
A Contingency View
Problem with facts and with logical solution implies directive approach
Problem involving feelings and emotions implies nondirective approach
How much time does manager have to devote?
What is employee preference?
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Types of Counseling
Effective Managers
Are aware of the alternatives available
Have the skills to be comfortable with each method
Have the analytical ability to make a choice that fits the situation
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