1. Properties of Matter

2. Matter:
Anything that has mass
and takes up space

3. Mass:
the amount of matter in an object

4. Mass:
the amount of matter in an object
measured with a balance

5. Volume:
the amount of space (capacity) an object takes up

6. Volume: the amount of space (capacity) an object takes up
measured with a ruler or graduated cylinder

7. What is density?

8. What is density?
Density is a comparison of how much matter there is in a certain amount of space.

9. What is density?
Density is a comparison of how much matter there is in a certain amount of space.
The more matter in a certain space, it will sink. Less matter it will rise

10. Which one is more dense? Demonstration: People in a room or in a field
How about this: Which square is more dense?

11. Which one is more dense?
Now which one is more dense?

12. What is density? Density = mass OR mass ÷ volume. volume
Units for density: g
cm3
Why are these the units for density?
ALWAYS REMEMBER UNITS!

13. Physical Properties
Are characteristics or features that describe a substance.

14. Examples of physical properties include
color
taste
shape
Boiling point
smell
appearance
Melting point
density

15. Chemical Properties

16. Chemical Properties
Are properties that change the substance to a new substance (s) during a chemical reaction.

17. Chemical Properties
Are properties that change the substance to a new substance (s) during a chemical reaction.
Are properties of a substance, not a specific object

18. Examples include
Acidity
Corrosiveness
Flammability
toxicity

19. Burning Rusting Cooking Film Processing
Examples of Chemical Properties/Changes:
Burning
Rusting
Cooking
Film Processing
(Any change that causes NEW matter to be formed)

20. Conservation of Matter
Law of
Conservation of Matter
There is no observable change in the quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or a physical change.
In other words, matter cannot be created nor destroyed. It is just converted from one form to another (just like energy)
Definition of Conservation of matter.

21. States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

22. Solids

23. Solids
Have definite shape and definite volume

24. Solids Have definite shape and definite volume
Particles are tightly packed

25. Solids Have definite shape and definite volume
Particles are tightly packed
Molecules are held close together and there is very little movement between them.

26. Liquids

27. Liquids
Do not have definite shape but do have definite volume

28. Liquids Do not have definite shape but do have definite volume
Particles are loosely packed

29. Liquids Do not have definite shape but do have definite volume
Particles are loosely packed
Atoms and molecules have more space between them than a solid does, but less than a gas (ie. It is more “fluid”)

30. Gases

31. Gases
Do not have definite shape or definite volume

32. Gases Do not have definite shape or definite volume
Particles are very far apart

33. Gases Do not have definite shape or definite volume
Particles are very far apart
Molecules are moving in random patterns with varying amounts of distance between the particles.

34. Phase Changes of Water ICE WATER STEAM (solid) (liquid) (gas) melting
freezing
(solid) (liquid) (gas)
evaporating
condensing

35. Plasma
Plasma is different from a gas, because it is made up of groups of positively and negatively charged particles

36. Plasma
You don't find naturally occurring plasmas too often when you walk around. They aren't things that happen regularly on Earth.
If you have ever heard of the Northern Lights, you might know that those are types of plasmas. It takes a very special environment to keep plasmas going.

37. Star formation in the Eagle Nebula Space Telescope Science Institute, NASA
(below)
Northern Lights

38. Products manufactured using plasmas impact our daily lives:

39. EXAMPLES:
Computer chips and integrated circuits
Computer hard drives
Electronics
Machine tools
Medical implants and prosthetics
Audio and video tapes
Aircraft and automobile engine parts
Printing on plastic food containers
Energy-efficient window coatings
High-efficiency window coatings
Safe drinking water
Voice and data communications components
Anti-scratch and anti-glare coatings on eyeglasses and other optics

40. While natural plasmas aren't found around you that often, man-made plasmas are everywhere.
Think about fluorescent light bulbs. They are not like regular light bulbs. Inside the long tube is a gas. Electricity flows through the tube when the light is turned on. The electricity acts as an energy source and charges up the gas. This charging and exciting of the atoms creates glowing plasma inside the bulb.

41. Properties of Matter include:
How it looks (shiny, dull, colored)
How it feels (hard, soft, rough, smooth)
How it smells (sweet, salty, flowery)
How it sounds (loud, soft, hollow)
How it tastes (sweet salty, bitter, sour)
What it does (bounce, bubble, tear)

42. So what makes up matter?

43. Atoms Elements The building blocks of Matter
Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-),
and Neutrons (N).
Elements
Consists of only one kind of atom,
Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means
Can exist as either atoms or molecules.
Images are from

44. Elements
There around 120 elements, and when you combine them you can make millions of molecules.
( We sometimes use the terms atom and element to mean the same thing. Remember, atom is the general term. Everything is made of atoms. The term element is used to describe atoms with specific characteristics)

46. Molecules
A molecule is made when two or more atoms of the same element or different elements bond together chemically.
Examples include:
H₂O O₂
C₆H₁₂O₆

47. compounds
Are molecules that are made up of two or more different elements.
Fixed formula / ratio (one of this and two of that)
All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.
examples
Water (H₂O)
Salt NaCl
Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆

48. Pure Substances VS Mixtures
Matter can be classified in two broad categories: pure substances and mixtures

49. What are "substances"?
Has specific composition and specific properties.
Iron (Fe)
Methane (CH₄)
Substances can be identified as either an element, compound, or a mixture.

50. Mixtures
combination of two or more different atoms in a varying ratio and can be separated.
examples
Salt and water
Sugar and water
Chicken soup

51. Mixtures
Can be heterogeneous (not uniform) or homogeneous (uniform throughout).

52. What is a pure substance?
A substance composed of only
one type of atom or molecule in
a constant ratio.
Can be either an element or a
compound.
The two categories of pure chemical substances.

53. What is a pure substance?
Elements
Cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical changes
Compounds
Can be separated into simpler substances by chemical changes
The two categories of pure chemical substances.

54. Matter
The two categories of pure chemical substances.

55. Matter Composition Varies? NO YES
The two categories of pure chemical substances.

56. Matter Composition Varies? NO YES Pure Substance Mixture
The two categories of pure chemical substances.

57. Separable into simpler substances?
Matter
Composition Varies? NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Separable into simpler substances?
The two categories of pure chemical substances.

58. Separable into simpler substances?
Matter
Composition Varies? NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Separable into simpler substances?
The two categories of pure chemical substances. NO
YES

59. Separable into simpler substances?
Matter
Composition Varies? NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Separable into simpler substances?
The two categories of pure chemical substances. NO
YES
Element
Compound

60. Separable into simpler substances?
Matter
Composition Varies? NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Separable into simpler substances?
The two categories of pure chemical substances. NO
YES
Element
Compound
Helium (He)
Pure water H₂O

61. Matter Composition Varies? NO YES Pure Substance Mixture
Uniform throughout?
The two categories of pure chemical substances.

62. Matter Composition Varies? NO YES Pure Substance Mixture
Uniform throughout?
The two categories of pure chemical substances. NO
YES

63. Matter Composition Varies? NO YES Pure Substance Mixture
Uniform throughout?
The two categories of pure chemical substances. NO
YES
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous

64. Matter Composition Varies? NO YES Pure Substance Mixture
Uniform throughout?
The two categories of pure chemical substances. NO
YES
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Wet sand
Tea with sugar

65. …more exciting adventures will follow…