1. Psychological influences.
Unit 11:

2. Self-concept and concept of others.
When we are born we do not understand anything about the world or who we are as individuals.
The beginning of self-awareness is when an infant can recognise their own face in the mirror. (18 mths – 2 yrs)
It is form this point on, children begin to form ideas about themselves.

3. Children are influenced greatly by the environment and culture they grow up in, and also the relationships they form.
As a Childs ability to use language develops this also affects how they talk and explain things.
People develop an increasingly detailed understanding of ‘self’ as they grow older.

4. The self-concept which we imagine when we are very young is influenced by the family or carers that we grow up with.
Young children are greatly influenced by their families but as they grow into adolescences the friends we have gradually take over this influence.

5. Life stage: Self-concept: Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Old age
At first children will only describe themselves in terms of categories such as being a boy or girl, their size or age. Later stages, hair colour, address, activities, parents and friends.
Adolescence
Chosen beliefs, likes and dislikes, and relationships with other people.
Adulthood
Explain the quality of their lives and their thoughts about themselves in greater depth.
Old age
May have more self-knowledge than they once had. May show wisdom in the way they talk about themselves.

6. Self-concept: Self concept is the individual as known to that person.
It is understanding ourselves, having self awareness which lead to us forming an opinion about ourselves (our self concept)
Our self-concept involves:
Having knowledge about ourselves
Receiving feedback from others.

7. From theses two perspectives we form an opinion about ourselves resulting in us having a high self concept/high self esteem or having a low self concept/low self esteem.
This is part of emotional and social development.

8. SELF-CONCEPT.
Many people to not need to describe and explain a self-concept until they are ready to go out to work.
A clear sense of who we are may be needed if you are to be happy, confident and successful at work and in love.
So ladies to bag Brad Pitt all you need is to understand who you are!!!

9. Factors that influence self-esteem.
Page: 50 copy out table.

10. Self-Efficacy:
General or ‘Global’ self-concept may include our assessment of how good we are at things such as :
Sport
Academic writing
Controlling out behaviour
Our assessment of how good we are at something can be referred to as self-efficacy

11. Albert Bandura 1989 (Psychologist)
Uses the term self-efficacy to include a persons ability to understand their capabilities, motivation, thought patterns, and emotional reactions.
Self-efficacy is how you estimate your abilities or what you believe about yourself.

12. High/low Self-efficacy
High self-efficacy means you believe you will succeed.
Low self-efficacy means you believe you will fail.
Belief provides motivation.
Page 65.
Think it over activity.

13. Fear and anxiety
Self-efficiency will protect people from experiencing fear and anxiety.
If you believe you are good at something you will feel confident and you will be less likely to become anxious or afraid.
E.g. if you are good at meeting people you are unlikely to become anxious when meeting new people.
P. 65

14. Explanation for fears/anxieties.
One explanation is that people feel out of control.
If you feel that you are not good at coping, then you have low self-efficiency
The way you think about your self may result in anxiety.
P.65

15. Concepts of other people.
The development of self-concept involves using imagination to imagine ho you are.
The way in which we understand our own self-concept and self-esteem will be influenced by our understanding of society and the people that we mix with.
Other people influence our self-concept by the way they react to us.
P.66

16. Boy whose skin fell off! (Channel four doc)