1. GREEN BUILDING BY SUPERADOBE TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY
HARISHMA RAVEENDRAN

2. INTRODUCTION Form of earth bag construction
Sand bag and barbed wire technology
Developed by Iranian architect Nader Khalili in 1984

3. Nader Khalili

4. SHAPE Can be used to build a house of almost any shape
Rectangular or circular like dome, arch, vault etc
Circular domes are most stable bldg
Commonly provide 60 degree inclination to the walls

5. HEIGHT Thickness of wall Placement of interior walls
Placement of buttress walls
For small domes ht = dia
Some times conventional roofing systems are provide

6. MATERIALS 1. Bags may be polypropylene, or burlap
2.Fill material may be earth or sand, cement or lime, clay and gravel
3.Barbed wire and regular wire
4.Wheel barrow
5. Mechanical pumps
6.Compass
7.Additional materials are tampers, water, shovel, nails, scissors, woods or metal or pipes & small buckets or coffee cans

7. POLYPROPYLENE BAG
BURLAP
WHEEL BARROW

8. BARBED WIRE

9. REGULAR WIRE
COMPASS
COMPASS

10. PROCESS
Collect tools

11. Prepare earth mix
Add enough water to ball together

12. Dig fdn trench 30 cm deep &
Level it and compact
Place door away from wind

13. Place bags in the trench and fill bags like a short column
Fill bags full as possible & check position with compass tool

14. Twist & tuck under the bag’s ends to close
Compact the filled bags as hard as possible

15. Attach conts barbed wire
Continue coiling bags

16. Door way and windows are made by proper cutting
Stabilized earth must be cut after tamping at every row

17. Insert pipes for windows sloped to outside to rain

19. Provide arched entry to protect the entrance
Sky light is provided at top
Provide arched entry to protect the entrance

20. FINISHING
Plaster the exterior
Coating with water proof
materials

21. Covered with reptile from top to bottom
Cement or lime plaster finish

23. SERVICEABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
Floor of a Superadobe building is usually finished last
so that plumbing and electrical lines can be run underneath
Plumbing pipes are placed on, in, or under the lower Superadobe layers and run vertically through small channels cut in to the walls
Electrical lines are run through flexible conduit that follows the contours of the bags

24. STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
Transfer their stresses along the surface of the structure and not from element to element like column- and beam-type building
Excessive loads on their surface will first cause a puncture failure
Cause only localized damage

25. Differential settlement and frost heaving do not pose severe problems
DL and LL stresses are transferred to the supporting ground, spreading uniformly along the perimeter of a dome or bearing wall
A dome or bearing wall built on a floating foundation, the base isolated by a layer of gravel or sand, provides the ideal earthquake-resistant structure.

26. The continuous or ring foundation can slide across the moving ground
while the upper structure, which diminishes exponentially in mass toward the apex
performs as a unified monolithic piece
eliminating local failure higher up the building.

28. THERMAL PERFORMANCE
R-value: ability of a structure or material to resist heat loss
U = 1/R, where U= coeff of conductivity
U value measures a material’s ability to store and transfer heat
Earthen walls fn as an absorbent mass that is able to store warmth and re-radiate it back
This temperature fluctuation is known as the “thermal flywheel effect”

29. Thermal performance is regulated by
Effect of flywheel is a 12 hr delay in energy transfer from exterior to interior
At hottest time of the day the inside of earth bag structure is at it’s coolest, while at the coolest time of the day the interior is at it’s warmest
Thermal performance is regulated by
placement and condition of windows and doors
climatic zone
wall colour
wall orientation
wall thickness
12 hr delay is only possible in walls greater than 30cm thick

30. EMERGENCY SHELTER
shelters can be built using only dirt with no cement or lime
Local resources can be used with ease
windows can be punched out later
simplicity of construction
Labour can be unskilled
high physical strength or formal training is unnecessary for the workers

31. so women and children are able to substantially contribute to the construction process
temporary structure
cover it with waterproofing and stucco, it will last for 30 or more years

32. SUSTAINIBILITY Realized as a green building technique
System is extremely cheap and easy to build
Soil can be taken right from the site, and the bags can be obtained for free or for a low cost
Technique demands few skills
Building technique is accessible to low income communities
Building can be erected very quickly
System is very flexible, allowing for alterations in design and construction

33. Major ingredient is earth, which is nontoxic and readily available
In terms of energy conservation, the walls are very thick and have significant thermal mass, which reduces heating and cooling costs
Provides sound insulation, structural integrity, fire resistance, and protection against pests

34. NEW APPROACH TO SAND BAGS
SAND BAG CONSTRUCTION
SUPERADOBE CONSTRUCTION
No tensile capabilities
Very low in height
Curved, arched or domed structures were impossible
Low shear capabilities
Temporary structure
Potential deterioration
Develop tensile and shear capabilities
Creates the capability of designing higher walls and curved surfaces
Permanent structures are possible
More durable

36. ADVANTAGES
Earth quake safe

37. Fire proof

38. Wind proof
Flood control
User friendly
Easy to learn
Most of bldg material is free, local and used without harm to the environment

39. DISADVANTAGES
It does take a lot of people to build a house by hands only
It gets difficult after several hours of lifting the heavy bags
  It isn’t easy to understand at first when you look at the way it is being built
  It takes strength to lift and carry each bucket
No mention of them in building codes
High moisture content and dampness cause serious problems

40. Chili

41. India

42. Brazil

45. CONCLUSION Inexpensive
Natural, reversible, recyclable building materials no harmful to our health and the environment
Low energy input and environmental pollution
small waste production
Economic and environmentally friendly
Statically strong, durable, and resistant even to extreme  weather conditions and natural catastrophes (flood, windstorm, hurricane, fire, earthquake)
Reduce global warming
Speed in construction