1. Starter: WRITE OUT QUESTION & ANSWER
The early civilization of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and India were located around which geographic feature? Why was this feature important?
Which of the following terms best describes the religion of Ancient Egypt?
Islamic
Polytheistic
Monotheistic
Zoroastrian
Respect for elders, civil service examination, and ancestor worship are all characteristics for which society?
Ancient China
Persian Empire
Ancient India
Muslim Empire

2. Ancient Greece Vocabulary- Frayer Model
Epic Poem- a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero (Ex. Iliad & Odyssey).
Polis- the early Greek city-state
Tyrant- a ruler who sized power by force.
Democracy- “rule of the many”
Phalanx- a wall of shields created by foot soldiers marching shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation.
Oligarchy- “rule of the few”
Hellenistic Era- the age of Alexander the Great; the spread of Greek culture to non-Greek peoples.

3. Ancient Greece

4. Geography
Greece is the southeastern-most region on the European continent.
It is defined by a series of mountains, surrounded on all sides except the north by water, and endowed with countless large and small islands.

5. MOUNTAIN RANGES crisscross the peninsula making internal communications difficult and leading to the development of independent city-states.
Numerous ISLANDS and the indented coastlines of the Greek peninsula and of Asia Minor stimulated trade.
The ROCKY SOIL and limited natural resources encouraged the Greeks to establish colonies abroad.

6. GREEK HISTORY: AN OVERVIEW
Greek CIVILIZATION started around 2000 B.C.
By 1600 B.C., the Greek people had built fortified cities in the major valleys and many people were educated.
Several wars, including the Trojan War around 1200 B.C. threw them into what is known as the Dark Age.
During the DARK AGES, knowledge of writing was lost and most people lived in isolated villages.

7. The Alphabet
This period ended in about 800 B.C when the Greeks started to write again with an alphabet based on that of the Phoenicians.
Influences the Roman alphabet used today.

9. Religion
The Greeks were POLYTHEISTIC and did not all worship the same gods.
Some small villages worshiped the main gods and their own village gods.
There were hundreds of Greek gods.  Some of the most famous gods were Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Poseidon, Aphrodite, Athena, Demeter, Hermes, Ares, and Hades.
ZEUS surpassed all other gods in spirit, wisdom and justice and his wife HERA was the queen of the gods.

10. The Parthenon Today

11. The Olympics The first OLYMPICS took place in 776 BC.
Held in honor of the gods
Tested skills of men
A central aspect of Greek culture and in many ways were the most important factor uniting the Greeks

12. Greek Philosophers Socrates Created the Socratic Method- Q&A
Accused and convicted of corrupting the youth
His punishment was death.
Plato
Student of Socrates
Aristotle
Plato’s best student.
He went on to become the tutor of Alexander the Great.

13. Ancient Greece Map: (Pgs.107, 115,119,&122)
Label Empires
Color in Green-Ancient Greece
Color in Orange- Asia Minor
Label Water- Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea
Label Cities- (Black)
Greek City-states: Athens, Sparta, Knossos, Thebes, Thermopylae
Label in Brown- Mount Olympus

14. The Olympics (Pg )
Read The Olympics: Festival and Games in Ancient Greece
Summarize what happened on each of the 5 days.
Then answer the following question:
What year did these events began?
Where did these events take place?
What became of the victors in these games?
Why do you think religious practices were such a large part of the ancient Greek Olympics.
How were the ancient Greek Olympic Games similar to the modern Olympics?
You will not be able to complete this assignment unless you READ!!!!

15. Starter WRITE QUESTION & ANSWER
Greece’s mountainous terrain and its series of small islands influenced the ancient Greeks to develop
A political system based on independent city-states
A culture that was uniform throughout its vast empire
An economic system based on mining precious metals
A society completely isolated from other civilization
Explain the culture of the Greeks. (Religion, sports, events, achievements)

16. Government
The POLIS (city-state) consisted of a city and its surrounding plains and valleys.
The center of the polis was the elevated, fortified site called the ACROPOLIS where people could take refuge from attack.
With the revival of commerce, a TRADING CENTER developed below the acropolis.

17. Four major TYPES OF GOVERNMENT evolved in ancient Greece:
Monarchy (rule of a king) limited by an aristocratic council and a popular assembly.
Oligarchy (rule of the few) arising when the aristocratic council ousted the king and abolished the assembly.
Tyranny (rule by one who ruled without legal authority) riding to power on the discontent of the lower classes.
Democracy (rule of the people), the outstanding political achievement of the Greeks.

18. Many city-states emerged and struggled with each other for power for hundreds of years. In 480 B.C., the Greeks UNITED to defeat the invading Persians, but the alliance didn’t last long.
Around 477 B.C., two city-states, ATHENS AND SPARTA, became the dominant powers in that region and constantly fought each other for power.
Greece had its GOLDEN AGE in Athens around B.C.

19. During the GOLDEN AGE of Greece (461-429 B. C
During the GOLDEN AGE of Greece ( B.C.), the great statesman PERICLES guided Athenian policy.
Power resided in a board of TEN ELECTED GENERALS.
To ensure that the POOR COULD PARTICIPATE IN GOVERNMENT, Athens paid jurors (a panel of 6,000 citizens chosen annually by lot) and members of the Council.
WOMEN, SLAVES, and RESIDENT ALIENS were DENIED CITIZENSHIP.
These groups had no standing in the law courts. (If a woman sought the protection of the law, she had to ask a citizen to plead for her in court.)
*Note: Pericles did NOT begin democracy in
Greece. He expanded suffrage to more
male citizens.

20. Sparta to 500 B.C.
The city-state of Sparta expanded by conquering and enslaving its neighbors.
Sparta transformed itself into a militaristic TOTALITARIAN STATE To guard against revolts by the state slaves (helots),

21. Every Spartan was first of all a solider.
Sickly infants were left to die on lonely mountaintops.
Boys were taken from their families at age 7 to live under rigorous military discipline.
Girls were trained to be the mothers of warrior sons.

22. Athens Vs Sparta
To many Greeks, ATHENS WAS A TYRANT CITY and an enslaver of Greek liberties.
In 431 B.C., the PELOPONNESIAN WAR broke out between the Spartan League and the Athenian empire.
COMMERCIAL RIVALRY between Athens and Sparta's ally Corinth was an important factor.
Real cause: SPARTAN FEAR of Athens' growth of power.

23. The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B. C
The Peloponnesian War ( B.C.) Nearly all of Greece was polarized between two alliances.

24. STRENGTHS:
Sparta's army had the ability to besiege Athens and lay waste to its fields.
Athens' unrivaled navy could import foodstuffs and harass its enemies' costs. WEAKNESSES:
In 2nd year of war, a plague killed a third of the Athenian population, including Pericles.
Weak leadership of the Athenian government.
FINAL RESULT:
Sparta will destroy the Athenians fleet and gain victory in 404 BC.

25. Alexander the Great & the Greek Empire
In 334 B.C., ALEXANDER THE GREAT, leader of the country of Macedonia to the north, conquered the Greeks and started what is called the HELLENISTIC AGE.
Learned about the Greeks from Aristotle (famous Greek Philosopher)
Spread Greek (Hellenistic) Culture to every where he conquered.
Forced everyone in his empire to learn Greek
forced Greek Architecture on his new cities.
Name 70 cities after himself
Alexandria, Egypt
Did not lose a battle in 15 years of fighting
Supposedly died of poisoning

27. Mankind: Persian Wars
What major power was invading the lands of Sparta?
What other Greek city‐state had to choose whether to stand together with Sparta or accept Persian domination?
How did the Athenians decide which side to take in the Persian Wars?
The Greeks use a new tactic – the phalanx. What does that involve and what advantages does it give?
The Greek historian Herodotus said, “Great deeds are wrought from great risk.” What does this mean?

28. Four Types of Government Foldable
Create a Four-Door foldable on the 4 Governments of Greece
On the front flaps name for 4 types of government and draw and image that you feel describes that government.
On the inside write the definition of the government.
On the outside flaps give an example of each government.