1. From Colonies to Revolution

3. Columbian Exchange Europe brought:
Crops
new weapons
Language
Government and laws
animals
disease
Native Americans had: knowledge of gold & silver location, different crops, how to use the land, how to fish

5. John Smith Trading With N-A

6. First Permanent Settlement: Jamestown, Va. 1607
Financed by a joint-stock company
Poor location: swamp, thick woods, powerful Indian tribes
Other problems:
Settlers were mostly “gentlemen”
didn’t plant crops first year
no women or children (no family closeness)
The “starving time”
Reorganize and send more men, women and children
Incentives to populate: Headright System:
50 acres to head of family who paid passage of another

7. Jamestown: “Re-Created”

8. Tobacco Brings Profit $$$$
John Rolfe developed smoother blend
Market increased
Need for labor & land increase
First slaves arrive 1619
“Filthy Weed” – King James I

10. Slaves Below Deck

12. Plymouth Colony Purpose in settlement? 1620: Mayflower Compact
Settlers were: Puritan “separatists” Came to America on a pilgrimage
1620: Mayflower Compact
Basic gov’t structure
Will of the majority will rule
Difficult first winter: half died

13. Mass. Bay Colony Purpose in settlement
Settlers were: non-Separatist Puritans
Traveled in families, brought charter with them
Numerous settlements
“We shall be as a city upon a hill; all of the world’s eyes shall be upon us”

14. Mass. Bay Colony (cont.) Bible Commonwealth: covenant w/God
Independent congregations: ran own church
Moral values: hard work, thrift, upright
Clergy & gov’t work closely (“theocracy”)
Must attend church
Taxed to support church
Only church members can vote
Town meetings

15. New England Village 1

16. No Tolerance for Different Ideas
Dissenters a threat; Driven out
Thomas Hooker:
Universal male suffrage
Hartford colony: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – first Constitution
Roger Williams:
Providence: separation of church & state
Church and gov’t leaders should not be the same
Anne Hutchinson:
Faith alone saves you, criticized ministers, don’t need ministers to become close to God

17. Early Political Traditions
Mayflower Compact:
will of majority = idea of democracy
Virginia House of Burgesses:
1st elected representative assembly in America
Only wealthy landowners could vote
NE Town meetings:
Male church members meet to vote on issues and make decisions in individual towns
direct democracy

18. Colonial Characteristics
New England (CT, RI, MA, NH)
Self sufficient farms
Religious/moral codes
Shipping, ship building, fishing
Middle Colonies (NY, NJ, Penn, Maryland, Del)
Diverse population
Fertile soil – wheat and corn
Southern Colonies (Vir, N.C., S.C., Geo.)
Tobacco, rice, indigo
Slaves
Richest colonies

19. New England Colonies
Small Farms
Poor Rocky Soil
Merchants were a major class
Fishing and Shipbuilding
Middle Colonies
Mixture of farms and trading
Food crops
Major cities – New York & Philadelphia
Southern Colonies
Cash Crops – tobacco and cotton
Plantation economy
Slaves make up a major part of the population

20. 1. Economic theory that a nation’s strength came from building its gold supplies and expanding its trade by establishing colonies
2. The colonies existed to benefit the mother country
Mercantilism

21. Colonial Economic Policy 1607 – 1763 = Mercantilism
Purpose:
Reduce competition
Build wealth & power (silver, gold, colonies)
Raw materials & new markets
Economic self-sufficiency
Navigation Acts
Regulated by Colonial Board of Trade
Br./Amer. Ships & crew
Imports from Europe go thru London = taxed
Goods shipped back to America = taxed
Enumerated products: go to England

22. Salutary Neglect
Ineffective enforcement of mercantile laws (smuggling)
Officials could be bribed
GB is making $...so all is good

23. Changes in Br. Empire
Fr. & Indian War : Br. (and their Indian allies) fought France and their Indian allies…Br. won!!!
BUT…
Huge debt
Need for new revenue
Need to control Indians
Need to station 10,000 troops in America $$$

24. Time to Tighten the Ship 
Tighter control over trade (end salutary neglect): crack down on smugglers
Raise taxes to get $
Tighter control over gov’t of colonies

25. New Policies Include:
Proclamation Act of 1763 = don’t go over the Appalachian Mountains
More gov’t officials & troops
New trade & tax laws (1763 – 1765):
Writs of Assistance – British can search all homes and ships
Sugar Act
Stamp Act – stamp on all printed materials