Figure 3–1 PAM signal with natural sampling.

Figure 3–1 PAM signal with natural sampling.
Couch, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Seventh Edition ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Figure 3–2 Generation of PAM with natural sampling (gating).

Figure 3–3 Spectrum of a PAM waveform with natural sampling.

Figure 3–4 Demodulation of a PAM signal (naturally sampled).

Figure 3–5 PAM signal with flat-top sampling.

Figure 3–6 Spectrum of a PAM waveform with flat-top sampling.

Figure 3–7 PCM trasmission system.

Figure 3–8 Illustration of waveforms in a PCM system.

Figure 3–9 Compression characteristics (first quadrant shown).

Figure 3–10 Output SNR of 8-bit PCM systems with and without companding.

Figure 3–11 Representation for a 3-bit binary digital signal.

Figure 3–12 Binary signaling (computed).

Figure 3–13 Binary-to-multilevel signal conversion.

Figure 3–14 L = 4-level signaling (computed).

Figure 3–15 Binary signaling formats.

Figure 3–16 PSD for line codes (positive frequencies shown).

Figure 3–17 Differential coding system.

Figure 3–18 Distorted polar NRZ waveform and corresponding eye pattern.

Figure 3–19 Regenerative repeater for unipolar NRZ signaling.

Figure 3–20 Square-law bit synchronizer for polar NRZ signaling.

Figure 3–21 Early–late bit synchronizer for polar NRZ signaling.

Figure 3–22 Binary-to-multilevel polar NRZ signal conversion.

Figure 3–23 Examples of ISI on received pulses in a binary communication system.

Figure 3–24 Baseband pulse-transmission system.

Figure 3–25 Raised cosine-rolloff Nyquist filter characteristics.

Figure 3–26 Frequency and time response for different rolloff factors.

Figure 3–27 Nyquist filter characteristic.

Figure 3–28 Transversal filter.

Figure 3–29 DPCM, using prediction from samples of input signal.

Figure 3–30 DPCM, using prediction from quantized differential signal.

Figure 3–32 DM system waveforms.

Figure 3–33 Signal-to-noise ratio out of a DM system as a function of step size.

Figure 3–35 Three-channel TDM PCM system.

Figure 3–36 TDM frame sync format.

Figure 3–37 Frame synchronizer with TDM receiver front end.

Figure 3–38 Two-channel bit-interleaved TDM with pulse stuffing.

Figure 3–39 TDM with analog and digital inputs as described in Example 3-6.

Figure 3–40 North American digital TDM hierarchy.

Figure 3–41 CCITT digital TDM hierarchy.

Figure 3–42 T1 TDM format for one frame.

Figure 3–43 Pulse time modulation signaling.

Figure 3–44 Technique for generating instantaneously sampled PTM signals.

Figure 3–45 Technique for generating naturally sampled PTM signals.

Figure 3–46 Detection of PWM and PPM signals.

Figure 3–47 Solution for SA3-1.

Figure 3–48 PSD of an RS-232 signal with a data rate of 38,400 bits/s.

Figure 3–1 PAM signal with natural sampling.

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Figure 3–1 PAM signal with natural sampling.

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