1. FDR’s New Deal

2. New Deals Second New Deal (Spring 1935) First New Deal 3 R’s
Expanded laws that extended government oversight of banks
Increased taxes on the wealthy
Funded new relief programs
What was FDR’s appeal? ics/new-deal
First New Deal
3 R’s
Relief
Recovery
Reform
First New Deal was successful
Except for Supreme Court problems with the AAA & NIRA

3. Emergency Relief Emergency Relief Act
Did away with direct payments to Americans
*Shift from First New Deal
Work Relief

4. Works Progress Administration
WPA (1935)
*Largest peacetime jobs program in history
A total of 8.5 million workers worked on projects costing $11 billion
Roads, schools, museums, writers, composers, actors
At its peak, it employed 3.4 million (1/4 of unemployed)
Lifted people’s spirits because no government handout

5. Social Security Townsend original idea of pension for elderly
Social Security Act (1935)
Pension of regular payments to people 65+
Included government insurance for unemployed
Problem today??

6. Organized Labor
NIRA: guaranteed workers rights to form unions & bargain collectively
Weakened by Schechter – executive branch can’t make laws; violates separation of power
Wagner Act (NLRA) stronger than NIRA
Outlawed anti-labor practices
Established the National Labor Relations Board
Increased union membership

7. CIO Congress of Industrial Organization
New union dedicated to industrial workers
Leader John Lewis broke away from AFL to form CIO
Successful in GM strike
*Sit-down strike vs. traditional strike

8. Election of 1936
FDR essentially ignored Republican candidate Alf Landon because New Deal was so successful
FDR won a tremendous victory
*African Americans voted Democratic
Significance?

10. Court-packing
Frustrated that the Supreme Court struck down some New Deal plans, FDR introduced a plan to change the Supreme Court
Plan gave president power to appoint new judges & expand it with 6 new justices
People saw this as an attempt to “pack the court”
Dangerous balance of power
This goes against which Enlightened philosopher?

12. Results of the New Deal Economy Steady growth from 1933 – 1937
New Deal programs were successful
Slight problem in 1937 but recovered by because FDR used John Maynard Keynes’ theory that deficit spending could provide jobs & stimulate the economy

13. Minorities & the New Deal
Women
Frances Perkins: first female cabinet member
African Americans
Increased role in federal government
A. Philip Randolph organized the 1st all-black trade union
*Helped get FDR elected
Mexican-Americans
Supported New Deal although received fewer benefits than African Americans
Settled mainly in the Southwest
Native Americans
Moved away from assimilation/ Americanization & toward autonomy

15. Popular Culture in the 1930s
Movies
Way to escape problems
Disney’s Snow White & the 7 Dwarfs = first full-length animated feature
Gone With the Wind
Wizard of Oz: first color film
Symbolic of which political party? That helped which group of people?
Radio
Extremely popular
Jazz & Swing
War of the Worlds
Sports
Babe Ruth, Joe DiMaggio, Lou Gehrig
Boxing was big

16. Short Answer Response
In your opinion, which action taken by FDR created the biggest impact and why?