1. Bellwork Pick up a whiteboard
Independent Subjunctives Packet: Exercise I

2. Circle the tense which correctly describes the verb form
regeret
present subjunctive perfect subjunctive imperfect subjunctive
dicamus
perfect subjunctive present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive
narrati sitis
pluperfect subjunctive perfect subjunctive imperfect subjunctive
coctus esset
pluperfect subjunctive resent subjunctive perfect subjunctive
iaciatur
imperf. subj. perf. subj. pres. subj.

3. Circle the tense which correctly describes the verb form
velint
imperf. subj. pres. subj. pluperf. subj.
ducerer
pluperf. subj. perf. subj. imperf. subj.
tulisset
pluperf. subj. pres. subj. perf. subj.
traxeris
imperf. subj. perf. subj. pluperf. subj.
nollent
pluperf. subj. pres. subj. imperf. subj.

4. Homework review: Ex. IV
The present subjunctive of the 2nd conjugation features the vowels .
The perfect active subjunctive contains the principal part of the verb.
The imperfect subjunctive contains the and an ending.
The present subjunctive of the 3rd io conjugation feature the vowel .
The pluperfect passive subjunctive features the principal part of the verb followed by the imperfect subjunctive of sum.
The present subjunctive of the 1st conjugation features the vowel
The perfect passive subjunctive is formed by using the 4th principal part of the verb followed by the subjunctive of sum.
The present subjunctive of a 3rd conjugation verb features the vowel

5. Whiteboards!

6. Ex. II
3rd person singular 1st person singular Present Active Imperfect Passive Subjunctive Subjunctive 2. pugnare 6. impedire

7. Ex. III (evens)
2nd person singular 3rd person plural Perfect Active Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive Subjunctive 4. conspicio 6. moneo

8. Independent Subjunctive Uses

9. Independent Uses
Hortatory/Jussive
Deliberative
Potential
Optative

10. Hortatory/Jussive Subjunctive
expresses a strong suggestion or exhortation (1st person = Hortatory, 3rd = Jussive)
translated with the word “Let” or “May”
negated by nē
Pecūniam nautīs demus.
Let’s give money to the sailors.
Pius vīvat, impius interficatur!
Let the pious man live, let the impious man die!
Romam eāmus, mī amīcī!
Let’s go to Rome, my friends!
Nē Romanī verī ex hostibus fugiant, sed eōs pugnent!
Let true Romans not flee from the enemies, but fight them!

11. The Prohibitive (negative hortatory/jussive) Subjunctive
a negative command
nē + second person (sing. or pl.) subjunctive
translated like an imperative
Ne eōs servōs liberetis, mī amīcī!
Don’t free those slaves, my friends!
Nē virōs ad bellum sine armīs duxeris.
Don’t lead the men to war without arms.

12. Independent Uses
Hortatory/Jussive
Potential
Deliberative
Optative

13. Potential Subjunctive
used to describe a possible or potential future action
translated with “may”, “could”, and “would”
negated by nōn
Urbem cum mīlitibus bonīs vincamus.
We may/could conquer the city with good soldiers.
Ad īnsulam vela daremus, sed puellās pulchrās vīdimus.
We would have set sail to the island, but we saw the beautiful girls.
Cum rēgīnā acerba nōn pugnāverim.
I wouldn’t fight with the harsh queen.

14. Independent Uses
Hortatory/Jussive
Potential
Deliberative
Optative

15. Deliberative Subjunctive
used to deliberate actions (one of the most prevalent uses is the rhetorical question) and always a question
translated with “may”, “would” or “could”
negated by nōn
Ubi cum meīs fortunīs malīs vivam?
Where could I live with my bad fortunes?
Quid faceres?
What would you have done?

16. Independent Uses
Hortatory/Jussive
Potential
Deliberative
Optative

17. Optative Subjunctive used for wishes
present tense = future wish (translated “would”)
imperfect tense = present unfulfilled wish (translated “were”)
pluperfect tense = past unfulfilled wish (translated “had”)
“utinam” often introduces the Optative (sometimes “ut”)
negated by nē
Utinam Rōmae vīvāmus! If only we would live in Rome!
(or Would that we may live in Rome!)
Rōmae vīveremus! If only we lived in Rome!
Rōmae vīxissemus! If only we had lived in Rome!

18. How to determine the Subjunctive use?
Punctuation
Deliberative Subjunctive has a “?”
Potential, Hortatory/Jussive and Optative have a “.” or “!”
Negation
Deliberative and Potential use nōn
Hortatory/Jussive and Optative use nē
Context
“Let” versus “may”, “could”, and “would”
Utinam = “If only” (Optative)

19. Whiteboards!

20. Translation I Determine they type of subjunctive used in each sentence and translate.
Ne pereat.
Utinam vivat tamen!
Tradamne patrem?
Quis aedificet maiorem navem?
Utinam villa ne arderetur!

21. Bellwork
Pick up a whiteboard
Prep for subjunctive forms quiz

22. Homework review Determine they type of subjunctive used in each sentence and translate.
Proficiscerer mane?
Quis scriberet talem epistulam?
Laudent parentes liberos.
Utinam rex bonum oraculum nuntiavisset!
N/A
Multa in ludo doceantur.
Utinam cena mox serviatur!

23. Virtutem in proelium ferant.
Let courage be brought into battle.
Let them bring courage into battle.
If only courage may be brought into battle.
Were they to bring courage into battle?

24. Utinam exiremus! Let us leave please. If only we may leave!
If only we might leave!
Could we leave please?

25. Quis meliorem librum legeret?
Who is to read a better book?
Who was to read a better book?
Who could have read a better book?
Who can read a better book?

26. Ne cista moveatur. Let the trunk not be moved.
Let him not move the trunk.
Is he not to move the trunk?
Was the trunk not to be moved?

27. Bellumne geratur? Couldn’t war have been waged?
Could war have been waged?
Was war to be waged?
Is war to be waged?

28. Utinam bona fabula narretur!
If only he may tell a good story!
If only he might tell a good story!
If only a good story may be told!
If only a good story might be told!

29. Bellwork Pick up a whiteboard.
ID the type of independent subjunctive used in each of the homework sentences.

30. Homework review: Trans. III
Utinam ludus bene construeretur!
N/A
Amici vestri simus.
Arenturne agri nunc aut serius?
Quis tota dona daret?
Utinam ne crearetur!

31. Trans. III Cont. Oraculum consulatur.
Puerne lente currat aut celeriter ambulet?
Patria ab consulibus regatur.
Utinam auxilium detur!
Quis Romam in bello vincat?
Cibumne coquus aut domina emeret?