1. laudātur ab hīs, culpātur ab illīs.
Horace (Satires)
laudātur ab hīs, culpātur ab illīs.

2. Verb Characteristics
Stage 30 – Verb Review

3. Number: How many people are doing the verb?
Singular vs. Plural
vocat vs. vocant

4. Person: Who is doing the verb??
SINGULAR PLURAL
I = ō, ī, m, r We = mus, mur
You = s, istī, ris You all = tis, minī
He, she, it = t, tur They = nt, ntur

5. Tense: When did the verb happen?
Present: vocat
Imperfect: vocābat
Future: vocābit
Perfect: vocāvit
Pluperfect: vocāverat
Future Perfect: vocāverit

6. Mood: How does the speaker feel about the verb?
Indicative: vocat, vocābat, vocābit, vocāvit, vocāverat, vocāverit
Imperative: vocā, vocāte
Subjunctive: vocet, vocāret, vocāverit,vocāvisset

7. Voice: Is the subject doing the action or is the action being done to them?
Active: vocat, vocābat, vocābit, vocāvit, vocāverat, vocāverit
Passive: vocātur, vocābātur, vocābitur, vocātus est, vocātus erat, vocātus erit

8. Putting it all together
I. vocāmus
II. vocābant
III. vocārētis
IV. vocāvisset
V. vocāmur
VI. vocābāminī

9. Present Passive (1st & 2nd Conjugation)
vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus -a, -um teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, -a, -um
Present Passive Present Passive
vocor vocāmur teneor tenēmur
vocāris vocāminī tenēris tenēminī
vocātur vocantur tenētur tenentur

10. Present Passive (3rd and 3rd I)
dūcō, dūcere, duxī, ductus, -a, -um capiō, capere, cēpī, captus, -a, -um
Present Passive Present Passive
dūcor dūcimur capior capimur
dūceris dūciminī caperis capiminī
dūcitur dūcuntur capitur capiuntur

11. Present Passive (4th conjugation)
Audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus, -a, -um
Present Passive
audior audīmur
audīris audīminī
audītur audiuntur

12. Imperfect Passive (1st and 2nd Verbs)
vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus -a, -um teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, -a, -um
Imperfect Passive Imperfect Passive
vocābar vocābāmur tenēbar tenēbāmur
vocābāris vocābāminī tenēbāris tenēbāminī
vocābātur vocābantur tenēbātur tenēbantur

13. Imperfect Passive (3rd and 3rd I Verbs)
dūcō, dūcere, duxī, ductus, -a, -um capiō, capere, cēpī, captus, -a, -um
Imperfect Passive Imperfect Passive
dūcēbar dūcēbāmur capiēbar capiēbāmur
dūcēbāris dūcēbāminī capiēbāris capiēbāminī
dūcēbātur dūcēbantur capiēbātur capiēbantur

14. Imperfect Passive (4th conjugation)
audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus, -a, -um
Imperfect Passive
audiēbar audiēbāmur
audiēbāris audiēbāminī
audiēbātur audiēbantur

15. NEW TENSES OF THE PASSIVES!!!
Perfect and Pluperfect Passive
Both tenses use the 4th principal part of the verb AND a form of the verb sum.
Let’s look at some examples!

16. Perfect Passive vocātus,-a, -um sum vocātī, -ae, -a sumus
vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus, -a, -um
Perfect Passive
SINGULAR PLURAL
vocātus,-a, -um sum vocātī, -ae, -a sumus
vocātus, -a, -um es vocātī, -ae, -a estis
vocātus, -a, -um est vocātī, -ae, -a sunt
What do you notice?????

17. Pluperfect Passive vocātus,-a, -um eram vocātī, -ae, -a erāmus
vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus, -a, -um
Pluperfect Passive
SINGULAR PLURAL
vocātus,-a, -um eram vocātī, -ae, -a erāmus
vocātus, -a, -um erās vocātī, -ae, -a erātis
vocātus, -a, -um erat vocātī, -ae, -a erant
What do you notice?????

18. TRANSLATING THE PASSIVE
Present: vocātur = he is being called OR he is called
Imperfect: vocābātur = he was being called
Perfect: vocātus est = he was called OR he has been called
Pluperfect: vocātus erat = he had been called