1. DEPONENT VERBS

2. Let’s look first at a Latin compound verb:
dē-pōnō, dē-pōnere, dē-posu-i, dē-posit-us-a-um,
put down, put away, put aside.
From this verb we have such English words as deposit, depose, and deposition.
We also have a grammatical term, deponent, from the present active participle of dē-pōnere.
This term is used of a class of verbs that have “put aside” most of their active forms, keeping only the passive forms.
These verbs look passive but are translated actively; many can take an accusative direct object.
They are not irregular; they belong to regular conjugation groups – they just lack most active forms and passive meanings.

3. Now let’s quickly review passive forms:
In present-system tenses (present, imperfect, future), the passive personal endings are
-r -mur
-ris (-re) -mini
-tur -ntur
The perfect-system tenses (perfect, pluperfect, future perfect) use the 4th principal part, in agreement with the subject in gender and number, plus the present, imperfect, or future forms of the verb esse:
perfect: 4th p. p. + sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt
pluperfect: 4th p. p. + eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant
fut. perfect: 4th p. p. + ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt
- or their subjunctive equivalents.

4. 1st`
2nd
3rd
3rd –io
4th
-or, -ārī, -ātus sum
arbitror, arbitrari, arbitratus sum
conor, conari, conatus sum
hortor, hortari, hortatus sum
moror, morari, moratus sum
minitor, minitari, minitatus sum
miror, mirari, miratus sum
-eor, -ērī
polliceor, polliceri, pollicitus sum
vereor, vereri, veritus sum
videor, videri, visus sum
-or, -ī, -tus sum
loquor, loqui, locutus sum
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum
sequor, sequi, secutus sum
complector, complecti, complexus sum
nanciscor, nancisci, nactus sum
-ior, -ī
patior, pati, passus sum
morior, mori, mortuus sum
-ior, -īrī, -ītus sum
orior, oriri, ortus sum
potior, potiri, potitus sum

5. The PUFF-V deponents: all take ablative object:
potior, potiri, potitus sum: get possession of, own
utor, uti, usus sum: use, enjoy
fruor, frui, fructus sum: enjoy
fungor, fungi, functus sum: perform, carry out
vescor, vesci: feed on, eat
The SEMI-DEPONENT verbs: active-form in present-system tenses, deponent-form in perfect-system tenses:
gaudeo, gaudēre, gavisus sum: rejoice, be glad
audeo, audēre, ausus sum: dare (+ infin.)
soleo, solēre, solitus sum: be accustomed to (+ infin.)

6. COMPOUNDS OF DEPONENTS and English derivatives: gradior, gradi, gressus sum: go, walk, step grade, graduate, gradual, gradient aggredior, aggredi, aggressus sum: approach, attack aggressive, aggression, agree congredior, congredi, congressus sum: go together, meet congress degredior, degredi, degressus sum: step down, step away degree, degrade egredior, egredi, egressus sum: go out, disembark egress ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum: go into, enter, begin ingredient progregior, progredi, progressus sum: go forward, proceed progress, progressive, progression regredior, regredi, regressus sum: go back, retreat regress, regression

7. sequor, sequi, secutus sum: follow suit, suite, sue, sequence, sequin, non sequitur consequor, consequi, consecutus sum: chase after, catch up to consequence, consecutive ex(s)equor, ex(s)equi, ex(s)ecutus sum: carry out, fulfill execute, executive, execution, electrocute (< electro-execute) persequor, persequi, persecutus sum: pursue, chase after persecute, persecution, pursue prosequor, prosequi, prosecutus sum: chase after, follow upon prosecute loquor, loqui, locutus sum: talk, speak, say [orig. tloqui = talk] locution, soli-loquy, ob-loquy alloquor, alloqui, allocutus sum: talk to (ad- > al-) colloquor, colloqui, collocutus sum: talk together, converse colloquy, colloquium eloquor, eloqui, elocutus sum: talk out, speak out eloquent, elocution

8. Participles and infinitives of deponents
The present participle of deponents has active (not passive) form:
arbitrans, arbitrantis: thinking
verens, verentis: fearing [Engl. reverent]
sequens, sequentis: following [Engl. sequential]
patiens, patientis: allowing/suffering [Engl. patient]
oriens, orientis: arising [Engl. orient]
The perfect participle is active in meaning, and can often be translated as present:
arbitratus: having thought or thinking
veritus: having feared or fearing
secutus: having followed or following
passus: having allowed/suffered or allowing/suffering
ortus: having arisen or arising

9. The future participle is active in both form and meaning:
arbitraturus: about to think, intending to think
veriturus: about to fear, going to fear
secuturus: about to follow, intending to follow
passurus: about to suffer/allow
oriturus: soon to arise, about to arise
Deponent infinitives are passive in form but active in meaning:
present
perfect
future
1st
arbitrari
arbitratus esse
arbitraturus esse
2nd
vereri
veritus esse
veriturus esse
3rd
sequi
secutus esse
secuturus esse
3rd -io
pati
passus esse
passurus esse
4th
oriri
ortus esse
oriturus esse