1. Islamic Empires

2. Define Caliph: Title of the highest leader of Islam Tolerance:
Acceptance

3. Define
Janissaries:
Slave soldiers that converted to Islam and became warriors
Shia:
Muslims who thought that only Muhammad’s descendants could become caliphs

4. Define
Sunni:
Muslims who didn’t think caliphs had to be related to Muhammad

5. Abu
Abu Bakr:
- One of Muhammad’s first converts, chosen to succeed Muhammad
-First Caliph

6. Abu
Caliph means:
Successor
634 AD:
Death of Abu Bakr

7. Arabia Arabia was what?: A unified Muslim state Arabia defeated:
Persian Empire
Byzantine Empire

8. Rules Rules for non-muslims:
- Could not build new churches in Muslim cities
- Could not dress like Muslims
-Could practice their own religion

9. Umayyad Umayyad conquered areas: 1. Syria 2. Central Asia
3. Parts of Northern Africa
Berbers:
Native people of North Africa

10. Fight! 711 AD: Arab and Berber army conquer Spain
Christians stopped the Muslims where?
The city of Tours (France)

11. Trade Moors: Muslims that were found in Spain Where did Islam Trade:
1. India
2. Africa
3. Southeast Asia

12. New Products: Africa: Ivory, cloves, and slaves China:
Paper, gunpowder, porcelain,and rice
India:
Cotton & Cloth

13. Tolerance How did Muslims deal with other religions:
Practiced religious tolerance
Other religions had to pay taxes
Other religions were forbidden from converting anyone to their religion

14. Develop Trade brought: 1. People together 2. Created wealth
Development:
Process of growing or improving

15. Riches 762 AD: Baghdad became the capital of the Islamic Empire
How Baghdad became rich:
Trade
Farming

16. Cities Baghdad became center of: Culture Learning Cordoba:
Largest & most advance city in Europe

17. Ottomans Leaders: - Suleyman I - “The Magnificent”
Mehmed II-
- “The Conqueror”
- Made Constantinople the capital
- Suleyman I
- “The Magnificent”
- Took control of Eastern Mediterranean and Europe

18. Ottomans
Location:
Anatolia (Turkey) and Eastern Europe

19. Ottomans
Religious Policy
Preached tolerance
Sunnis

20. Safavids Leaders - Became 1st shah (King)
Ismail
- Became 1st shah (King)
- Made Shia official religion
- Abbas:
- Trained soldiers to use gunpowder weapons
- Reconquered lost land

21. Safavids
Location
Persia

22. Safavids
Religious Policy
Tried to spread religion
Shia

23. Mughals Leaders Babur Akbar Shah Jahan Established the Mughal Empire
Began tolerant religious policy
Shah Jahan
Built the Taj Mahal

24. Mughals
Location
India

25. Mughals Religious Policy
Preached tolerance then changed to strict religious policies