1. Gloria Ladson-Billings University of Wisconsin
I Used to Love Science, but then I Went to School: African American Students and Science Achievement
Gloria Ladson-Billings
University of Wisconsin

3. Quality Counts 2003 found that while states are taking steps to recruit and retain skilled teachers, few efforts are targeted at finding teachers for students who need them most…

4. Effective teaching: research shows…
Effective teachers can get an additional year’s worth of learning out of their students.
The effect of having a string of ineffective teachers is cumulative.
Higher student achievement is associated with teachers who have better verbal ability, more subject-matter knowledge, and at least a few years of teaching experience.

5. The “teacher gap”
Students in high-poverty and high-minority schools are more likely to take classes with teachers who:
Do not have majors or even minors in the subjects they teach
Are not certified in the subjects they teach
Have less than three years’ teaching experience
Had no practice teaching before going in front of a classroom

6. The “achievement gap”
In 8th grade math, the achievement gap between black or Hispanic students and white students – as measured by the proportions scoring at or above “proficient” on NAEP – is 20 percentage points or more in 25 states.
Nationally, the largest achievement gaps are on the NAEP 8th grade science exam, on which 40 percent of white students scored at or above “proficient,” compared with only 6 percent of black students and 11 percent of Hispanic students.

7. Significantly different from 2000.
SOURCE: National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 1996 and 2000 Science Assessments.

8. Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
Academic Achievement
Socio-Political
Consciousness
Cultural Competence