1. Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Rice Production Systems in Brazil
Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro
Embrapa Temperate Agriculture
3rd. Meeting of the Americas Sub-Group of Paddy Rice Research (PPRG) of GRA
Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, Arkansas, USA
July 13 to 15, 2016

2. Rice production in Brazil
2.35 million ha rice
1.44 million ha lowland rice (61%)
0.91 million ha upland rice (39%)
North (11,2%)
Northeast (22,4%)
Center-West (10,0%)
Southeast (1,4%)
South (55,0%)
Source: IBGE (2015)

3. Rice Producing Regions in Southern Brazil
Southern Region
1.28 million ha flooded rice
9.46 million Mg rice
Yield: 7.4 Mg ha-1
Source: IBGE (2015)

4. Mitigation Strategies
Greenhouse Gas Dynamics and Carbon Balance in Crops Production Systems in the Southern Planes Region
Objective: to determine GHG emissions of the main crops production systems in the Southern Planes region, with emphasis on systems involving flooded rice and crops in rotation.
Mitigation Strategies
Soil and rice straw management
Water management
Rice cultivars
Management of nitrogen fertilization
Crop diversification

5. Mitigation Strategies: water saving management

7. 43% (9-77%)
Potential of water saving regimes to mitigate soil CH4 emissions in southern Brasilian lowlands rice fields.
Source: Moterle (2011); Zschornack (2011); Wezs (2012); Buss (2012); Camargo (2014).

8. CH4 (kg/ha)
Fall/winter
Season
Source: Scivittaro et al. (2015)

10. N2O (kg/ha) Fall/winter Season Rice / Flooded Rice / Sprinkler
Natural lowland
Source: Scivittaro et al. (2015)

11. Source: Scivittaro et al. (2015)
Flooded
Season / Fall/winter
Natural lowland
Sprinkler
Source: Scivittaro et al. (2015)

12. Mitigation strategie: soil and rice straw management
Fall/Winter / Conventional tillage

13. Conventional tillage X Minimum tillage technologies
CT: rice and winter crop residues are incorporated into soil in spring (source of labile C for methane production).
MT: rice straw is incorporated into soil in fall/winter (non-flooded conditions). Part of the labile carbon is converted into CO2, decreasing CH4 emission potential once the area is flooded again to next rice crop.

14. -33%
MT: maintains weeds and winter crop residues on soil surface resulting in a lower emission of CH4.
CT: crop residues are incorporated in 0-20 cm depth where soil reduction status is much higher than on surface layer,
resulting in a higher production of CH4.
Seasonal methane emissions in flooded rice fields under conventional and minimum tillage systems in Southern Brazil.
Source: Costa (2005); Zschornack (2011); Moterle (2011).

15. Alternative Knife roller

16. Rice harvest and tillage: flooded fields
Prepared area
knife roller

17. Drainage

18. CH4 (kg/ha) Conventional Rice Knife Roller Rice Minimum Soybean
Fall/winter
Season
CH4 (kg/ha)
Conventional
Rice
Knife Roller
Rice
Minimum
Soybean
Source: Scivittaro et al. (2015).

19. N2O (kg/ha) Conventional Rice Knife Roller Minimum Soybean
Fall/winter
Season
N2O (kg/ha)
Conventional
Rice
Knife Roller
Minimum
Soybean
Source: Scivittaro et al. (2015)

20. Conventional
Rice
Knife Roller
Rice
Minimum
Soybean
Source: Scivittaro et al. (2015)

21. Management of nitrogen fertilization
Objective: to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilization practices on
GHG emissions

22. Nitrogen sources: urea x slow release fertilizers
Control Urea Polyblen Polyblen
no N
SRF: urea coated with polymers derived from polyacrylates not hydrosoluble
Source: Veçozzi et al. (2014)

23. Nitrogen sources: urea x slow release fertilizers
Control Urea Polyblen Polyblen
no N
Source: Veçozzi et al. (2014)

24. Nitrogen sources: urea x slow release fertilizers
Partial global warming potential
kg CO2 equivalent/ha season
Control Urea Polyblen Polyblen
no N
Source: Veçozzi et al. (2014)

25. Nitrogen sources: urea X urea / urease and nitrification inhibitors
Control Urea Urea/ Urea/ AS
no-N NBPT NBPT+DCD

26. Nitrogen sources: urea X urea / urease and nitrification inhibitors
Control Urea Urea/ Urea/ AS
NBPT NBPT+DCD
Partial global warming potential
kg CO2 equivalent/ha season
Source: Veçozzi et al. (2016)

27. Crop diversification: conventional tillage
10 to 12-fold lower
Flooded rice Sorghum Soybean
Partial global warming potential (CH4 + N2O in CO2 equivalent) in lowland fields cultivated with soybean, sorghum and flooded rice under conventional tillage in Southern Brazil.

28. Crop diversification: no-tillage
Soybean Sorghum Flooded rice
10 to 12-fold lower
Partial global warming potential (CH4 + N2O in CO2 equivalent) in lowland fields cultivated with soybean, sorghum and flooded rice under no-tillage in Southern Brazil.

29. Research Team / Institutions
Beata Emoki Madari (Embrapa Rice and Bean)
Cimélio Bayer (UFRGS)
Leandro Souza da Silva (UFSM)
Júlio José Centeno da Silva (Embrapa Temperate Agriculture)
Rogério Oliveira de Sousa (UFPel)
Tiago Zschornack (UFRGS)
Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro (Embrapa Temperate Agriculture)

30. Thank you walkyria.scivittaro@embrapa.br