1. Using Adjectives
TOEFL

2. Adjectives
Definition Adjectives are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence.

3. Adjectives Adjective clauses:
If a group of words containing a subject and verb acts as an adjective, it is called an adjective clause.
My sister, who is much older than I am, is an engineer.

4. Adjectives Adjective phrase:
If an adjective clause is stripped of its subject and verb, the resulting modifier becomes an adjective phrase.
He is the man who is keeping my family in the poorhouse. (clause)
He is the man keeping my family in the poorhouse. (phrase)

5. Kinds of adjectives Opinion Size Age Shape Color Origin Material
Purpose

6. Kinds of adjectives
Opinion: an adjective that explains what you think about something (other people may not agree with you).
Silly
Beautiful
Horrible
Difficult

7. Kinds of adjectives
Size: A size adjective, of course, tells you how big or small something is.
Large
Tiny
Enormous
Little

8. Kinds of adjectives
Age: An age adjective tells you how young or old something or someone is.
Ancient
New
Young
Old
Recent

9. Kinds of adjectives
Shape: A shape adjective describes the shape of something.
Square
Spherical
Oblong
Flat
Rectangular

10. Kinds of adjectives
Color: A color adjective, of course, describes the color of something.
Scarlet
Lime
Reddish
Gray
Chartreuse

11. Kinds of adjectives
Origin: An origin adjective describes where something comes from.
French
Lunar
Eastern
Handmade/homemade
Manufactured

12. Kinds of adjectives
Material: A material adjective describes what something is made from.
Wooden
Cotton
Paper
Metal
Ceramic

13. Kinds of adjectives
Purpose: A purpose adjective describes what something is used for. These adjectives often end with "-ing".
Sleeping (bag)
Roasting (pan)
Dusting (cloth)
Laundry (soap )

14. That is the end of this presentation
Adjectives for TOEFL

15. Adjective order
Sometimes adjectives appear in a string, and when they do, they appear in a set order according to category.
Opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, purpose
Please throw out that silly, old brown, ceramic, baking dish.
I love those tiny, ancient, French, ceramic, tea cups.

16. Degrees of adjectives Adjectives can express degrees of modification:
Gladys is a rich woman, but Josie is richer than Gladys, and Sadie's the richest woman in town.
The degrees of comparison are known as the comparative, and the superlative.

17. Degrees of adjectives We use the comparative for comparing two things.
Beau is smarter than Eric.
We use the superlative for comparing three or more things.
But, Jane is the smartest in the class.

18. Degrees of adjectives
Notice that the word than frequently accompanies the comparative and the word the precedes the superlative.
Rhonda is prettier than Alice.
Sandra is the prettiest.

19. Degrees of adjectives
The inflected suffixes -er and -est suffice to form most comparatives and superlatives, although we need -ier and -iest when a two-syllable adjective ends in y (happier and happiest)
Otherwise we use more and most when an adjective has more than one syllable.

20. Degrees of adjectives
When making a comparison between quantities we often have to make a choice between the words fewer and less.

21. Degrees of adjectives
Generally, when we're talking about countable things, we use the word fewer;
Jack has fewer apples than Arnie.
When we're talking about measurable quantities that we cannot count, we use the word less.
I would like less sugar in my tea next time.

22. Degrees of adjectives
We do, however, use less when referring to statistical or numerical expressions:
It's less than twenty miles to Dallas.
He's less than six feet tall.
Your essay should be a thousand words or less.
In these situations, it's possible to regard the quantities as sums of countable measures.

23. Degrees of adjectives
When making a comparison with "than" do we end with a subject form or object form, "taller than I/she" or "taller than me/her."
The correct response is "taller than I/she."
We are looking for the subject form: "He is taller than I am/she is tall."
We leave out the verb in the second clause

24. Proper adjectives
When an adjective owes its origins to a proper noun, it should probably be capitalized.
Christian music
French fries
The English Parliament

25. Proper adjectives
Some periods of time have taken on the status of proper adjectives:
The Nixon era
A Renaissance/Romantic/Victorian poet
Spring fashions

26. Collective adjectives
When the definite article, the, is combined with an adjective describing a class or group of people, the resulting phrase can act as a noun:
the rich
the oppressed
the homeless
the lonely

27. Collective adjectives
The difference between a collective noun, which is usually regarded as singular and a collective adjective is that the adjective is always plural and requires a plural verb:
The rural poor have been ignored by the media.
The elderly are beginning to demand their rights.