1. Essentials of Public Speaking
Ethics and
You
Chapter 1
Essentials of Public Speaking
Cheryl Hamilton
5th Edition
Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D.
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

2. Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You
Key Ideas
Benefits of taking Public speaking
The basic types of public speeches
The communication process and the speaker
The public speaker’s ethical obligations
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

3. Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You
Flashback . . .
Educated Greeks and Romans studied rhetoric —the art of persuasive public speaking.
Aristotle’s Rhetoric divided speaking into:
Forensic (speaking in court)
Deliberative (political or legislative speaking)
Epideictic (ceremonial speaking)
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

4. Benefits of Public Speaking
Enhances personal development
Influences your world
Advances your career
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

5. Enhances Personal Development
Builds personal communication confidence
Gives you more control over your life
Helps you construct arguments and present positions
Develops critical thinking skills
Makes you a more flexible communicator
Helps you from feeling manipulated
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

6. Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You
Influences Your World
Better prepared for involvement in campus issues
Better prepared for involvement in civic issues
Better prepared to share information relevant to a particular position
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

7. Advances Your Career: Example: Engineering
Electrical engineers spend over 4 hours per day communicating (Vestal et al. 1996)
About 50% of all engineers value oral skills above technical skills (Darling & Daniels, 2003)
Oral skills ranked second to importance after problem-solving skills (Evans et al. 1993)
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

8. Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You
Types of Speeches
Informative - Focuses on conveying facts
and promoting understanding.
Persuasive - Seeks to influence choices &
opinions.
Special occasion - Lends a sense of distinction
to special occasions.
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

9. Informative Vs. Persuasive
Promote understanding of a body of facts
Performing Heimlich maneuver
Effects of stress on the body
Growth of YouTube and Twitter
Seek to influence beliefs, choices or opinions
On-campus parking should be expanded
Daily exercise is necessary for health
City and country libraries are the surest avenue for maintaining our demcracy
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

10. Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You
Special Occasion
Gives sense of distinction to important events
Examples of special occasions
Weddings
Funerals
Award ceremonies
Introducing a new student
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

11. The Communication Process:
Message
Encoded
Message
Decoded
Stimulus
Motivation
SPEAKER
LISTENER
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

12. Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You
Frame of Reference
Beliefs
Attitudes
Values
Background (e.g. education, gender, race, hometown)
Experiences
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

13. Differences in Cultural Values
Americans
Japanese
Arabs
Freedom
1. Belonging
1. Family Security
2. Independence
2. Group Harmony
2. Family Harmony
3. Self-Reliance
3. Collectiveness
3. Parental Guidance
4. Equality
4. Age/Seniority
4. Age
5. Individualism
5. Group Consciousness
5. Authority
6. Competition
6. Cooperation
6. Compromise
7. Efficiency
7. Quality
7. Devotion
8. Time
8. Patience
9. Directness
9. Indirectness
10. Openness
10. Go-between
10. Hospitality
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

14. The Communication Process:
Message
Encoded
Message
Decoded
Stimulus
Motivation
Code
SPEAKER
LISTENER
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

15. Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You
Communication Codes
Language (Verbal) - spoken or written words
Paralanguage (Vocal) - tone, pitch, volume, etc.
Non-Verbal (Visual) - eye contact, facial expressions, posture, etc.
Vocal &
Visual Code
Verbal Code
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

16. The Communication Process:
ENVIRONMENT
Internal
Noise
External
Noise
Internal
Noise
Message
Encoded
Message
Decoded
Stimulus
Motivation
Code
SPEAKER
LISTENER
Feedback
ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

17. Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You
Speaking of Ethics
The public’s perceptions of ethical standards in several professions
Violations and costs of unethical behavior
The ethical responsibilities of speakers
Classroom ethics
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

18. The Public’s View of Ethical Standards
Profession
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Nurses 83 79 82 84
Druggists, pharmacists 67 72 73 70 66
Medical doctors 68 65 69 63 64
Clergy 56 54 58 53 50
Police officers 59 60 61
Accountants — 39 38 --
Journalists 25 28 26 23
Bankers 35 36 41 37 19
Lawyers 16 18 15 13
Real estate agents 20 17
College Professors
Business executives 14 12
Stockbrokers 9
Congresspersons
Senators 11
Advertising practitioners 10
Car salespeople 7 8 6
Insurance salespeople
Table 1.2
Percentage of
people as rating
each profession
as having
“High” or
“Very High”
ethical standards
Copyright Cengage © 2011

19. Costs of unethical behavior
2007: Dismissal from job
(Marilee Jones Admissions Dean at MIT due to untrue facts on resume)
2006: Re-defense of dissertations (Investigation Ohio University 37 former engineering graduate students plagiarized portions of theses or dissertations)
2007: Dismissal from job (producer of Katie Couric’s notebook for not giving credit to Wall Street Journal article for lines quoted in piece)
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

20. Exaggeration, Distortion and Plagiarism
Overstating
Presenting facts as more important than they are
Distortion -
Misrepresenting or twisting facts
Stating facts are true when only partially true
Plagiarism
Using ideas of others without giving credit
Using material from the Internet without giving credit
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

21. Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You
Classroom Ethics
Speaker
Always show up when scheduled to speak.
Show respect by being prepared.
Respect audience opinions
Be honest—no plagiarism, exaggeration, or distortion of facts or visuals. Cite sources
Limit use of Internet sources.
Carefully research all sides of topic.
Audience
Support speaker—no homework or daydreaming.
Be on time; take job as audience evaluator seriously.
Respect speaker’s opinions.
Be open-minded; don’t take offense during speeches or class discussions.
Don’t distract speaker in any way.
Give honest, tactful critiques including strengths and weaknesses.
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

22. Essentials of Public Speaking
Ethics and
You
Chapter 1
Essentials of Public Speaking
Cheryl Hamilton
5th Edition
Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D.
Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You