1. OBJ 6.01 – Identifying Characteristics of All Living Things
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OBJ 6.01 – Identifying Characteristics of All Living Things
By the end of class, you should be able to…..
List the parts of the cell theory and name the scientists who helped develop the cell theory.
Describe the characteristics of a living thing.
State that all living things are composed of cells.

2. Two Lenses are Better Than One
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Two Lenses are Better Than One
Robert Hooke ( ), an English physicist and inventor by trade, refined the structure of a compound microscope (a microscope where the object is viewed through two lenses instead of just one). He was one of the first people to observe cells. Hooke built his own compound microscope, which was one of the best microscopes of his time. In 1663, Hooke used his microscope to observe the structure of a thin slice of cork. Cork, the bark of the cork oak tree, is made up of dead cells.
To Hooke, the empty spaces in the cork looked like tiny rectangular rooms. Therefore, Hooke called the empty spaces cells, which is a word meaning “small rooms.” Hooke described his observations this way: “These pores, or cells, were not very deep, but consisted of a great many little boxes…..” What most amazed Hooke was how many cells the cork contained. He calculated that in a cubic inch there were about twelve hundred million cells—a number he described as “almost incredible.”

3. Anton’s “Little Animals”
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Anton’s “Little Animals”
At about the same time that Robert Hooke made his discovery, Anton van Leeuwenhoek ( ) also began to observe tiny objects with microscopes. Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch businessman who sold cloth. In his spare time, he built simple microscopes. Leeuwenhoek looked at drops of lake water, scrapings from teeth and gums, and water from rain gutters. In many materials, Leeuwenhoek was surprised to find a variety of one-celled organisms.  
Leeuwenhoek noted that many of these tiny organisms moved. Some whirled, some hopped, and some shot through the water like fast fish. He called these moving organisms animalcules, meaning “little animals.”
Leeuwenhoek’s exciting discoveries caught the attention of other researchers. With the lenses that he made, Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see bacterial cells, protozoa, and blood and yeast cells.

4. Who Came Up with the Cell Theory?
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Who Came Up with the Cell Theory?
Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolf Virchow
Theodor Schwann ( ), a German zoologist, enjoyed creating small machines as a child and seemed destined to be a scientist. … Con’t pg 5.
Rudolf Virchow ( ) was considered a rebellious scientist because he usually argued that what many… Con’t pg 5.
Matthias Schleiden ( ), a German scientist, was a lawyer before he began studying plants on a full-time basis… Con’t pg 5.

5. Continued from Page 4
people believed about cells and diseases was untrue. He added the fact that cells arise only from other living cells to the cell theory. Schleiden and Schwann had made important discoveries about living things but had failed to explain from where cells came. Until their time, most people thought that living things could come from nonliving matter. In 1855, Virchow proposed that this wasn’t true, stating that “all cells come from cells.”
Schleiden was one of the first people to regularly study plant structure under a microscope and determined that all plants are made of cells in He, along with his friend Theodor Schwann, determined that all living things are composed of cells and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
He concluded in 1839 that all animals are also made up of cells while dining with his friend Matthias Schleiden. He then stated that if all plants and all animals are composed of cells, that all living things must be made of cells. Thus, cells are the most basic unit of structure and function in living things. After he came to this conclusion, he spent the rest of his life attempting to prove that all animals were composed of cells.

6. ATTN: All Things Living
Classifieds
CELLS: Are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
BUY HERE NEW!
The latest and greatest invention in the scientific community; the Microscope!
A microscope was developed, which allowed people to discover and learn about cells.
ATTN: All Things Living
Are made of cells
Get and use energy
Grow and develop
Reproduce
Respond to their environment
Adapt to their environment
**An organism must fit ALL of these criteria to be considered living.

7. The Cell Theory in Review
The Cell FUNNIES
The Cell Theory in Review
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
All cells are produced from other cells.
Hooke’s First Cell
Observation