1. Notes on Three States of Matter
M. Pursley
8th Science

2. Three states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas

3. Particle Movement Solid – particles are packed close together
Particles move by vibrating in place (but they cannot break the attraction to one another)
Particles are locked in place
Have definite shape and volume

4. Particle Movement
Liquid – particles overcome some attraction and slide past each other
Liquids take the shape of their container
Has a definite volume (volume stays the same no matter what container the liquid is in or what shape the container is)
Liquids for spherical drops

5. Particle Movement (liquid)
VISCOSITY – Resistance to flow –
? – which is more viscous – syrup or water
Answer
Viscosity = Resistance to flow so syrup would be more resistant to flow

6. Particle Movement (Gas)
Gases – particles move very quickly
Gas particles move independently of each other
Little attraction between particles
No definite shape or volume

7. Temperature and Particle Movement
TEMPERATURE – a measure of how fast particles move
effects particle movement
Hot – particles move fast and spread out (which could cause a balloon to blow up)
Cold – particles move slow and get close together (can cause a balloon to shrink)

8. Boyle’s Law Boyle’s Law
As pressure decreases the volume of the gas increases
Ex. Pushing down on a piston (pump) increases the pressure and decreases the amount of gas that can be held within the pump (therefore it will come out)
As pressure increases the volume of gas decreases
If I raise up the handle on the pump – it allows for more room for the gas molecules to move

9. Boyles Law continued
If the handle is raised up – it allows more room for the gas particles to move
If the handle is pushed down – it allows less room for the gas particles to move

10. Charles’s Law Charles’ Law Temperature affects volume of the gas
If temperature is high – particles move fast – and the volume expands (get bigger)
If temperature is cold – particles slow down and stick together – volume shrinks

11. Changes of state – Physical Properties
Change of State - Occurs due to heating or cooling of a substance (adding or removing energy)

12. 5 Changes of State Melting – solid to liquid
Melting point – temp at which a solid becomes a liquid
Freezing – liquid to solid
Freezing pt – temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid
Evaporation – liquid to gas
Boiling point – temp at which a liquid becomes a vapor/gas
Condensation – gas to liquid
Condensation pt – temp at which a gas becomes a liquid
sublimation – solid to gas

13. Pictures of Changes in State

14. Endothermic vs. Exothermic
Endothermic change – (particles) gains energy when it changes state (solid to liquid)
Exothermic – (particles )loses energy when it changes state (liquid to solid)
Examples – Endothermic – an ice cube melts
Example of exothermic – water freezes