1. Pages in textbook 646-652 Barron’s Book pages247-249
Schizophrenia
Pages in textbook
Barron’s Book pages

2. Schizophrenia
Most severe and debilitating of the psychological disorders.
Strikes at young adulthood
Psychotic disorder – marked by irrationality and lost contact with reality.

3. Symptom 1: Disorganized Thinking
The thinking of a person with Schizophrenia is fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs.
Disorganized thinking comes from a breakdown in selective attention.- they cannot filter out information.

4. Symptom 2: Delusions (beliefs that have no basis in reality)
Delusions of Persecution – belief that people are out to get you.
Delusions of Grandeur – belief that you enjoy greater power and influence than you do.

5. Symptom 3: Disturbed Perceptions
hallucinations- sensory experiences without sensory stimulation.
Auditory most common

6. Symptom 4: Inappropriate Emotions and Actions
Laugh at inappropriate times.
Flat Effect
Senseless, compulsive acts.
Catatonia- motionless Waxy Flexibility

7. Symptom 5: Odd use of Language
Make up their own words (neologisms)
Clang associations
Word salad – jumping from one idea to another in totally nonsensical pattern
Echolalia parrot like repeating of another’s speech and Echopraxia -movements
Clang Association Example: "Imagine the worst Systematic, sympathetic Quite pathetic, apologetic, paramedic Your heart is prosthetic“

8. Additional Symptoms Neglect of personal hygiene Socially withdrawn
Loss of motivation
Inappropriate clothing – layers of clothing in hot weather

9. Classifying Symptoms Positive Symptoms Negative Symptoms
Presence of inappropriate symptoms
Examples:
Absence of appropriate ones.
Examples:

10. Overall Causes of Schizophrenia
Prenatal Development
Brain Anatomy
Low birth weights
Oxygen deprivation during delivery
Famine
Maternal viral infection
Experience the flu
Environmental
Double binds – person is given contradictory messages which may cause distorted way of thinking
Diathesis-stress model – environmental stressors can provide circumstances under which a biological predisposition for illness can express itself.
Dopamine hypothesis – excess dopamine (hallucinations & paranoia)
Gray matter in brains less dense
Temporal lobe activation (hallucinations)
Low activity in frontal lobes
Fluid filled areas and corresponding shrinkage of cerebral tissue
Smaller-than-normal cortex & thalamus

11. Overall Causes Cont. Genetic Factor
higher rates of schizophrenia for people with sibling or parent with disease
Twins who shared placenta are more likely than twins who didn’t to both get disease

12. Case Study of Schizophrenia
Identify symptoms of schizophrenia

13. Somatic Therapies AKA - Neuroleptics Psychopharmacology
Antipsychotics – most work as dopamine antagonists (thorazine & Clorzaril)
Anti-anxiety (valium, barbiturates, Librium, & Xanax) central nervous system depressants
Antidepressants - Mood Disorders
MAOI’s – inhibit MAO enzyme from breaking down norepinephrine and seratonin at the synapse (Nardil and Parnate)
(SSRI’s)serotonin reuptake inhibitors – blocks the reuptake of only seratonin (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Luvox)
(lithium Carbonate) Treats bipolar disorder
(TCA’s) Tricyclics – blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine & seratonin (Trofanil, Elavil, & Norprmin)
Tardive dyskinesia – involuntary movements of facial muscles

14. Group vs. Individual Therapy
Group therapy can help more people and cost less per person than individual therapy.
Knowledge of others similar problems.
Family Therapy – therapy that treats the family as a system.
Advantages of Family therapy
Opens up communication within a family
Learn new ways of preventing or resolving conflict.