1. Endocrine Gross Anatomy and Histology
See Blackboard for list of structures or regions to know for each endocrine organ listed below. Know hormone functions listed in Endocrine Hormone Function Chart
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland: anterior and posterior lobes
Pineal gland
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Thyroid glands
Parathyroid glands
For Histology Images, I recommend using My Labs and Mastering web site. After logging in, go to User Study Area, then Access Study Area, then PAL 3.0, then Histology and then Endocrine System. Click labels to see names of specific features of histology images.
Your textbook and lab manual also contain a few histology images. Numerous histology images can also be found on the web by searching “pituitary gland histology”, “pancreas histology”, etc.

2. Figure 27.2 Human endocrine organs.

5. Figure 27.1 Hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

6. Figure 27.3d Microscopic anatomy of selected endocrine organs.6

7. Figure 27.3e Microscopic anatomy of selected endocrine organs.

9. Figure 27.3a Microscopic anatomy of selected endocrine organs.9

11. Figure 27.3b Microscopic anatomy of selected endocrine organs.11

14. Figure 27.3c Microscopic anatomy of selected endocrine organs.14

16. Figure 27.3f Microscopic anatomy of selected endocrine organs.16

17. ENDOCRINE ORGAN
SECTION
HORMONE(s)
SPECIFIC CLASS
FUNCTION
CELL POPULATION/REGION
hypothalamus
TRH - thyrotropin releasing hormone
releasing hormone
stimulates TSH from Ant. Pit.
CRH - corticotropin releasing hormone
stimulates ACTH from Ant. Pit.
GnRH - gonadotropin releasing hormone
stimulates gonadotropins from Ant. Pit.
PRH - prolactin releasing hormone
stimulates PRL from Ant. Pit.
inhibiting hormones
inhibiting hormone
inhibits Ant. Pit. hormones
pituitary
anterior
TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone
tropic hormone
stimulates thyroid gland
basophil cells
ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone
stimulates adrenal cortex
FSH - follicle stimulating hormone
tropic hormone & gonadotropin
egg/sperm production
LH - luteinizing hormone
testosterone production by testis
estrogen production by ovaries
progesterone production by ovaries
PRL - prolactin
milk production by breasts
acidophil cells
GH - growth hormone
promote growth/size
posterior
Oxytocin
contraction of uterus, prostate & vas deferens; milk ejection
paraventricular nuclei
ADH - antidiuretic hormone
water balance
supraoptic nuclei
thyroid gland
TH (T4) - thyroxine
increase metabolism
follicle cells
TH (T3) - triiodothyronine
calcitonin
lower blood calcium
parafollicular cells
parathyroid glands
PTH - parathyroid hormone
increase blood calcium
chief cells

18. ENDOCRINE ORGAN
SECTION
HORMONE(s)
SPECIFIC CLASS
FUNCTION
CELL POPULATION/REGION
adrenal glands
medulla
epinephrine
fight or flight response
norepinephrine
cortex
adlosterone
mineralocorticoid
water/electrolyte balance
cells in the zona glomerulosa
cortisone
glucocorticoid
hydrocortisone (cortisol)
resist chronic stress and inflammation
cells in the zona fasciculata
corticosterone
promote glucose/glycogen synthesis
androgens (example: testosterone)
gonadocorticoid
puberty
secondary sex characteristics
cells in the zona reticularis
sex drive
pancreas
insulin
lowers blood glucose
beta cells
glucagon
increases blood glucose
alpha cells
ovaries
estrogen
breast development
menstrual cycle
progesterone
pregnancy
prepare breast lactation
testis
testosterone
androgen
sexual development
sperm production
pineal gland
melatonin
circadian rhythms
thymus gland
thymosins (example: thymopoietin)
T cell development

19. Review Figure 27.1a 19

20. Review Figure 27.1b 20

21. Review Figure 27.1c 21

22. Review Figure 27.1d 22

23. Review Figure 27.1e 23

24. Review Figure 27.1f 24

25. Review Figure 27.1 25