1. Unit 4 Notes Part 2: Alamo & Goliad
Essential Question: What was the significance of the Battle of the Alamo and Goliad Massacre?

2. Monday 11/7 Pick up organizer on way in Get ready for notes
Unit 4 Part 2
Essential Question: What was the significance of the Battle of the Alamo and Goliad Massacre?
In your planner:
Organizer is due Wednesday
Unit 4 Quiz is Thursday

3. Monday 11/7 Pick up the 3 papers on your way in
“Things Go Sour” is your warm-up
In your planner:
Due TOMORROW: Essential Vocab/People
Tuesday homework: Study for Test
Wednesday: Chapter 9 Test

4. Who was at the Alamo?
100 men at San Antonio occupied the Alamo in the winter of 1836.
They requested more men and supplies
January 17: Sam Houston sent Col. James Bowie and 25 Texan volunteers to San Antonio to survey the Alamo, and abandon/destroy it if necessary.
Bowie decides the Alamo is important and decides to stay
Colonel James Bowie

5. Lt. Colonel William B. Travis
February 3, 1836: Lt. Col. William B. Travis and 30 regulars from San Felipe arrive at San Antonio.
Col. Neill returns home due to a family illness and leaves Travis in charge.
Travis and Bowie will argue over who will lead the Alamo defenders.
Lt. Colonel William B. Travis

6. The Tennessee Volunteers were expert marksmen (rifle shooters)
Feb. 8, 1836: David Crockett and 12 volunteers from Tennessee arrive at San Antonio
The Tennessee Volunteers were expert marksmen (rifle shooters)
They would eventually be given the duty of defending the weakest part of the Alamo defenses—the Palisade.
David Crockett

7. Tejanos – People of Mexican heritage living in Texas
Cpt. Juan N. Seguin led Tejanos at the Alamo but rode out to plead for more volunteers before the battle
Captain Juan N. Seguin

8. How did Texans respond to Santa Anna’s arrival?
On February 23, Alamo defenders were shocked to see the beginning of the Mexican force arriving in San Antonio
Texans barely made it into the Alamo before the Mexican cavalry arrived in the city.
Mexican forces quietly occupy San Antonio and begin surrounding the Alamo.

9. Bowie estimated that 1,000 troops would be needed to defend the Alamo
Bowie estimated that 1,000 troops would be needed to defend the Alamo. They had less than 200 men.

10. The Alamo in 1836 Church PLAZA 18 lb. Cannon palisade
Gap in north wall
Church
PLAZA
palisade N
The Alamo in 1836
18 lb. Cannon

11. At his headquarters in San Fernando Church, Santa Anna flew the red“no quarter” flag, meaning that he would take no prisoners.
The song they played,“El Deguello” was the song of death, and let the defenders know they would all die if they fought
Mexican buglers played throughout the night to keep the Alamo defenders unnerved.

12. Only 32 reinforcements arrived at the Alamo from Gonzales.
Travis wrote several messages to the people of Texas and to the United States asking for help…signed “Victory or Death!”
Travis received little response to his pleas for aid because the TX forces were poorly organized.
Fannin lacked enough wagons to move supplies from Goliad
Only 32 reinforcements arrived at the Alamo from Gonzales.

13. On March 5, Travis explained to his troops that remaining at the Alamo meant certain death.
According to legend, he drew a line on the ground with his sword and invited those who wished to stay to cross the line.
Almost 200 men decided to stay and fight for their beliefs.

15. What happened at the battle?
The final assault began on the morning of March 6, 1836 at 5:30 A.M.
Santa Anna had stopped the cannon fire the night before to allow the Texans to sleep, then interrupted their slumber with an early morning attack
An estimated 1,800 Mexican troops took part, attacking at four different points.

17. The North wall fell first, where William B
The North wall fell first, where William B. Travis was killed early in the fighting
The men retreated to the long barracks where the bloodiest of the fighting took place.
Bowie was killed in his cot too sick to take part in the battle

18. The Mexican army turned the Texan cannons on the Texans and forced them toward the chapel.
The chapel was the last area to fall. By that time (around 8 AM) all but a few defenders were killed.
According to Mexican sources about 7 men survived the fighting, including Davy Crockett. They were executed.

19. How did the Texans react to the Alamo?
The battle of the Alamo delayed Santa Anna for two weeks, to the advantage of Texans.
Some people believe that Texas would not have won independence without the battle of the Alamo.
The battle and the courage of the Texans at the Alamo made Texans more determined to win independence.
Overall, it inspired Texans as Sam Houston’s army adopted the battle cry “Remember the Alamo” when they later fought at San Jacinto.

20. What happened at the Battle of Coleto Creek?
General Houston had ordered Fannin and his men to retreat from Goliad to the city of Victoria to meet with his army.
Fannin was indecisive on when or if to leave and waited too long before beginning the march to Victoria.

21. Once Fannin’s army began moving, the retreat was very slow
Once Fannin’s army began moving, the retreat was very slow. They were moving heavy cannons and wagons were breaking down.
After only travelling a few miles from the fort, Fannin allowed the men to rest and eat.

22. On March 19, while Fannin and his men rested in a field near Coleto Creek, Urrea’s troops surrounded them.

23. On March 20, Fannin and his officers surrender to General Urrea.
Under the surrender General Fannin thought the men would be treated fairly.

24. What happened at the Goliad Massacre?
The TXNS are marched back to the fort at Goliad and imprisoned there.

25. Urrea wrote to Santa Anna, asking that he be allowed to spare the prisoners’ lives.
Santa Anna ordered their immediate execution, fearing that if he let the Texans go they would join others in rebellion.

26. On Palm Sunday, March 27, the prisoners were marched out of the fort and shot.
Many thought they were being taken out to work in the fields, or perhaps being released.
Some Mexican soldiers did not agree with Santa Anna’s decision and fired over the heads of the Texans, allowing them to escape .

28. Santa Anna’s “Cruel Necessity”
After the execution of the men at Goliad, Urrea writes in his journal:
“I used my influence with the general-in-chief to save them, if possible, from being butchered, particularly Fannin. I obtained from His Excellency only a severe reply, repeating his previous order, doubtlessly dictated by cruel necessity.”

29. Lessons from the Alamo and Goliad
Texans fought bravely but managed their affairs poorly.
The fighting revealed a lack of cooperation among Texas forces.
Houston became convinced not to let his forces separate into small groups.