1. Implementing risk assessment tools
in legal frameworks in The Netherlands
Jos Vink
Martina Vijver
Anja Verschoor

2. BLMs implemented
2014: Full BLM screening model developed by 3 non-profit research institutes (Deltares, CML-Uni Leiden, RIVM)
- User-friendly tool PNEC-pro operational
- Documented in 5 scientific papers
2015: BLMs methodology accepted by Dutch ministery and adopted in NL-protocol (compliance & monitoring)
>2015: PNEC-pro methodology used for WFD water quality reporting
Dec 2016: PNEC-pro version 6 was launched
2018: Implementation V6 in NL WQ-compliance/WFD

3. WFD compliance (The Netherlands, 2015)Cu Zn Ni Pb
% > EQS
97.4
42.1
22.2
3.7
% > Tier2 (BLM)
3.0
16.2
13.1
0.2

4. New version user-friendly tool V6
New in this version:
BLM routine for Pb
Up-to-date Ni functions (revision of RAR tox+chem)
Use of pH-dependent BLMs extent validation range
Improved graphic export functions
Extended statistical analysis of in- & output data

5. References for PNEC-pro
Verschoor, A., M.G. Vijver, J.P.M. Vink (2017). Refinement and cross-validation of nickel bioavailability in PNEC-pro,
a regulatory tool for site-specific risk assessment of metals in surface waters. Environ. Toxicol. Chem /etc.3772
Vink, J.P.M., M. Broers (2016). Site-specific risk assessment of lead in surface waters with BLM-tool PNEC-pro V6.
18th Intl. Conf. ICHMET, Ghent Sept 2016, p 289. DOI: /etc.3262.
Vink, J.P.M., A. Verschoor, M.G. Vijver (2016). PNEC-pro. Software release version 6.
Verschoor, A., J. Hendriks, J.P.M. Vink, G. de Snoo, M. Vijver (2012). Metal accumulation in crustaceans in surface water related to body size and water chemistry. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10:
Verschoor, A., J.P.M. Vink, M. Vijver (2012). Simplification of biotic ligand models of Cu, Ni and Zn by one, two and three parameter transfer functions. Integr. Environ. Assessment Managem. 4:
Verschoor, A., J.P.M. Vink, M. Vijver, G. de Snoo (2011). Geographical and temporal variation in Cu, Zn, Ni bioavailability and species sensitivity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45:
Rüdel, H., C. Diaz Muňiz, H. Garelick, N. Kandile, B. Miller, L. Pantoja Munoz, W. Peijnenburg, D. Purchase, Y. Shevah, P. van Sprang, M. Vijver, J.P.M. Vink (2015). Consideration of the bioavailability of metal/metalloid species in freshwaters: experiences regarding the implementation of biotic ligand model-based approaches in risk assessment frameworks.
Environ. Sci. Poll. Res. 22/10:
Vink, J.P.M., A. Verschoor (2010). Biotic Ligand Models: availability, performance and applicability for water quality assessment. Deltares report BGS-0006, Utrecht.