1. Popular Operating System Chapter 8
October 6 University
Popular Operating System Chapter 8
Prof. Dr/ Moussa Ibrahim Moussa
Dean of Faculty of Information Systems and Computer Science

2. OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system is a software component of a computer system that is responsible for the management of various activities of the computer and the sharing of computer resources.

3. Types of Operating System:
Real-time Operating System
Multi-user and Single-user Operating Systems
Multi-tasking and Single-tasking Operating Systems
Distributed Operating System
Embedded System

4. Real-time Operating System
It is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications.
Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling
The main object of real-time operating systems is their quick and predictable response to events.

5. Multi-user and Single-user Operating Systems
The operating systems of this type allow a multiple users to access a computer system concurrently.
Being able to have multiple accounts on a Windows operating system does not make it a multi-user system
- only the network administrator is the real user. But for a Unix-like operating system, it is possible for two users to login at a
time and this capability of the OS makes it a multi-user operating system.

6. Multi-tasking and Single-tasking Operating Systems
When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped under a single-tasking system
Multi-tasking can be of two types namely, pre-emptive or co-operative.
Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive multitasking.

7. Distributed Operating System
An operating system that manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer is known as a distributed operating system
Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine.
When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system.

8. Embedded System
The operating systems designed for being used in embedded computer systems are known as embedded operating systems.
They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy.
They are able to operate with a limited number of resources.
They are very compact and extremely efficient by design.
Windows CE, FreeBSD and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems.

9. UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM

10. Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as UNIX with small caps) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna.
UNIX operating systems are widely used in both servers and workstations.

11. The UNIX environment and the client-server program model were essential elements in the development of the Internet and the reshaping of computing as centered in networks rather than in individual computers.
Both Unix and the C programming language were developed by AT&T and distributed to government and academic institutions, which led to both being ported to a wider variety of machine families than any other operating system.

12. Components
List of Unix programs
Development Environment

13. Features of Unix Operating System
Unix is written in high level language rather than assembly language
Unix had a drastically simplified file model compared to many contemporary operating systems
Making the command interpreter an ordinary user-level program, with additional commands provided as separate programs

14. Over time, text-based applications have also proven popular in application areas, such as printing languages
Unix programming interface became the basis for a widely implemented operating system interface standard (POSIX).

15. Unix provided the TCP/IP networking protocol on relatively inexpensive computers, which contributed to the Internet explosion of worldwide real-time connectivity, and which formed the basis for implementations on many other platforms.

16. Free Unix-like operating systems

17. DOS [DISK OPERATING SYSTEM]

19. WINDOWS XP
Windows XP is a line of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, and media centers. The name “XP” is short for “experience”. Windows XP is the successor to both Windows 2000.

20. Editions of Windows XP
The two major editions are Windows XP Home Edition, designed for home users, and Windows XP Professional, designed for business and power-users. XP Professional contains advanced features that the average home user would not use.

22. System requirements
For many workloads that involve Web browsing, , and other activities, 84 MB of RAM will provide [the] user experience equivalent or superior to that of Windows Me running on the same hardware.”

23. Service packs * Service Pack 1 * Service Pack 2 * Service Pack 3
Set Program Access and Defaults was added in Service Pack 1.
* Service Pack 2
Windows Security Center was added in Service Pack 2.
* Service Pack 3
Windows XP Service Pack 3 (SP3) was released to manufacturing on April 21, 2008.

24. WINDOWS VISTA
Windows Vista revised and incorporated new features and functionalities not present in its predecessors, especially those from Windows XP.

25. WINDOWS 8
Windows 8 is a version of Microsoft Windows (an operating system developed by Microsoft) for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablets, and home theater PCs.
Removed Features
- Several notable features have been removed in Windows 8 as the traditional Start menu , Windows Media Center
Windows 8 will still support third-party DVD playback software.

26. LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Linux (commonly pronounced) is a generic term referring to Unix-like computer operating systems based on the Linux kernel.
Linux distributions, installed on both
desktop and laptop computers, have become increasingly commonplace in recent years, partly owing to the popular Ubuntu distribution and the emergence of net books.

27. Servers and supercomputers
Linux distributions have mainly been used as server operating systems, and have risen to prominence in that area.

28. THANKS