1. Unit Two: Population Geo

2. Population Terms Demography: the study of population data
Overpopulation: when resources cannot support the pop
Density: how many per area

3. Tokyo: Overpopulated or Overcrowded?

4. Demography
Social, economic, or political characteristics

5. Population Growth 0 ~200 Million People 1800 1 Billion 1900 1.6 Bill

7. World 7,005,691, :42 UTC (EST+5) Apr 08, 2012
TOP TEN COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST POPULATION #
Country
2011 Population
2050 Expected Pop. 1
China
1,336,718,015
1,303,723,332 2
India
1,189,172,906
1,656,553,632 3
United States
313,232,044
439,010,253 4
Indonesia
245,613,043
313,020,847 5
Brazil
203,429,773
260,692,493 6
Pakistan
187,342,721
276,428,758 7
Bangladesh
158,570,535
233,587,279 8
Nigeria
155,215,573
264,262,405 9
Russia
138,739,892
109,187,353 10
Japan
126,475,664
93,673,826

8. Pop Distribution:
Descriptions of locations where people live

9. Cartogram
Countries are displayed by size of population rather than land area. Countries named have at least 50 million people.

10. World Population Clusters
66% clustered in four regions:
1. East Asia 25% (China, Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan)
2. South Asia 20% (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)
Europe (concentrated in cities)
4. North America (megalopolis of “Bowash”)

11. Ecumene: portion of Earth’s surface inhabitable for people
We occupy less than 20% of Earth’s surface

12. Population Distribution
Densely populated regions
Low lands
Fertile soil
Temperate climate
Sparsely Populated Regions
dry lands
wet lands
high lands
cold lands

13. Density
Arithmetic Density
Physiological Density
Agricultural Density

14. Arithmetic Density: total # of people per land area

15. Arithmetic Density: The total number of people / area of land measured in km² or mi²

16. Crude density, also called arithmetic density, is the total number of people divided by the total land area.

17. Physiological (Agricultural) Density: # of people per unit of arable land (suitable for agriculture)

18. Physiological Density: The number of people per
Physiological Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land

19. EGYPT Arithmetic Density= 192 people/ sq.mi.
Physiological Density= 6,682 people/sq. mi.
Egypt’s arable lands are along the Nile River Valley.
Moving away from the river a few blocks, the land becomes sandy and wind-sculpted.

20. Egypt’s population distribution is closely linked to the proximity of water. In the north, the population clusters along the Mediterranean and in the interior, along the banks of the Nile River. (2004)

21. World Pop Growth:
birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural increase (r)

23. Population Characteristics
Crude Birth Rate: # of births in a year per 1,000 people
Crude Birth Rate = Births in a year
1000 people

24. Crude Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people

25. Population Characteristics
Crude Death Rate : # of deaths in a year per 1,000 people
Crude Death Rate = Deaths in a year
1000 people

26. Crude Death Rate : The total number
Crude Death Rate : The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

27. Population Characteristics
Natural Increase: % growth of pop in a year
DOEST NOT INCLUDE MIGRATION

28. Natural Increase: The percentage growth of a
population in a year, computed as the crude birth
rate minus the crude death rate.

29. Natural Increase
USA RNI: 0.6%
Nepal's RNI: 2.4%
Implication???

30. Population Characteristics
Doubling Time: # of years to double…
*rule of 70:
Doubling = 70/x
x = % change
10% change…doubling is 70/10= 7 years

32. Population Characteristics
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): # of births per women of childbearing age
TFR of 2.1 = “ZPG” (zero pop growth)
Infant Mortality Rate: # of deaths under age 1

33. Infant Mortality Rate: - the number of deaths of
Infant Mortality Rate: - the number of deaths of children under the age of 1

34. Population Characteristics
Life Expectancy: # of years to live
Life Expectancy at Birth (2003)
Men Women US
Japan
Nepal
Kenya
France

35. Life Expectancy : The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

36. A Population Bomb? Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) - “father” of pop geo
- stated pop grows faster than resources
- lower CBR or global famine, war, disease

37. “Neo-Malthusians” Pop “explosion” due to medical revolution
“stripping” world of resources
Paul Ehrlich (1960s)
warned of pop bomb in 1970s

39. Critics of Malthus: “Cornucopians”
cultural “possibilism”
Technology
More people = more consumers, more creativity
“Cornucopian” S-curve

40. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
DTM: change in pop. due to industrialization; better economy = less kids! (designed for W. Europe)

41. DTM- Stage 1 High CBR High Death Rate
Agricultural
High Death Rate
Epidemics
Stationary growth…no country today

42. DTM- Stage 2 High Birth Rate Declining Death Rate High growth
agri. improvements
medicine
High growth
Today: poor undeveloped; Sub-Saharan African

43. DTM- Stage 3 Declining Birth Rate Low Death Rate Slowing down
wealth
education; contraceptives
Low Death Rate
Slowing down
Today: Mexico, South Africa, China

44. DTM- Stage 4 Low Birth Rate women in workforce Low Death Rate
Stationary Growth
highly industrialized: U.S., U.K., France

45. Stage 5??? Pop “Implosion”

47. Dependency Ratio:
# of people non workers (aged 0-14 /65+) relative to workers (15-64).

48. Population Pyramids “Age-Sex”
stage in DTM gives country’s pop structure

49. Developing Developing Developed
(poor) (Mexico, Brazil China) (rich)

50. Rapid Growth
stage 2 of DTM
Large # of young, less older

51. Slow Growth
stage 4 of DTM
“Aging population”
less young

52. NO GROWTH
End of stage 4/stage 5

53. Pop
Pyramids Of
U.S.
Cities

54. **How many points for essay?

55. Epidemiological Transition Model
Stages of the “medical revolution”

56. AIDS/HIV+

57. Pro-growth Policies Communism Europe NOW USSR
China: Mao Zedong (“every mouth to feed comes w/ 2 hands”)
Europe NOW
tax breaks, cash to have kids

58. Restrictive Policies China: “One-child” policy
- male preference for kids…many baby girls aborted or abandoned)

59. Solutions to Pop Growth
Empowerment of Women
Education
Changing cultural norms to value girls
Birth Control Policies