1. The Industrial Revolution
WORLD HISTORY READERS
Level 2-⑨
The Industrial Revolution

2. Before the Industrial Revolution
What was life like before the Industrial Revolution?
People made things at home. They made things by hand, and even simple objects took hours to complete.
Before the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries, people lived in small villages and grew their own food.

3. Changes After the Industrial Revolution
How did the Industrial Revolution change people’s lives?
This gave people more money and allowed people to buy things.
The Industrial Revolution allowed people to leave the farms to work in factories in towns and cities.

4. The Birth Place of the Industrial Revolution
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
The Industrial Revolution started in Britain.
Why did it begin there?
Britain had a lot of coal and iron.
It was also a country which controlled large parts of the world at that time.
This gave Britain a huge market to buy from.
It also gave Britain a marketplace to sell the goods that were made.

5. Who developed these kinds of machines?
Great Inventions
Machines for making clothes faster were the first machines that led to the creation of factories.
What kind of machines were the first ones developed during the Industrial Revolution?
Richard Arkwright designed and improved upon existing machines that could make cotton into yarn. The new machines saved a lot of time. The process was three or four times faster than by hand.
Who developed these kinds of machines?

6. Power!
This is an old water wheel driven by falling water.
This is a windmill powered by the wind.
What are these?
These are industrial power machines. In the 18th century, factories got power for their new machines from steam engines.
Steam engines were invented during the Industrial Revolution. These new devices could create power anytime and anywhere to drive the machines in the factories.

7. Henry Bessemer invented a way to make steel.
Other Inventions
What were some other important inventions of the Industrial Revolution?
Henry Bessemer invented a way to make steel.
Other major inventions included better and more effective ways to make iron and steel. The steel and iron were used to make other machines, bridges, trains, and many goods for everyday use.

8. How did transportation change during the Industrial Revolution?
Transportation Booms
Steam engines and steel were used to create trains and steam ships. Because trains were quicker than ships, a lot of steel was used to build railroads and bridges. Soon, trains were used to carry goods from factories all over the world.
How did transportation change during the Industrial Revolution?
In the 1820s, John McAdam from Scotland developed a way to build roads that were smoother and lasted longer. This allowed people, and later cars, to travel or carry things more quickly, and with less trouble.
How did roads that were used by people change during the Industrial Revolution?

9. The Influence of the Industrial Revolution
Yes!
Did the Industrial Revolution improve people’s lives?
Lifestyles and health improved for many.
Many people moved to cities and made and bought new things that their parents could only have dreamed of.
Factory owners became very rich.
But…
On the other hand, millions of people lived in poor conditions and had to work long hours in the factories, often in dangerous conditions.

10. Vocabulary smooth adj. cotton n. not rough
a type of cloth made from soft fibers

11. Vocabulary consumer n. iron n.
a person who buys things or uses services
iron n.
a common, hard metal found in the ground

12. Vocabulary tool n. coal n.
a device used to make things or do something
coal n.
a hard, black mineral burned for fuel, heat, etc.

13. Vocabulary yarn n. smartphone n.
a mobile telephone with computer features
yarn n.
string or thread used to make clothes