1. Reliability and Validity
What matters in Qualitative?

2. External validity- ability to predict that the results obtained in the study can be applied to situations outside of the laboratory.
Ecological Validity-able to be generalized to real-life situations
Population Validity-can be generalized to population
Reliability-Can be replicated
Internal Validity-how well an experiment is done, especially whether it avoids confounding variables
High internal validity means that we can establish that the manipulation of the IV does in fact lead to changes in the DV
Objectivity-how impartial is the study, lack of bias
Quantitative Review:

3. Credibility Does it measure what was intended?
Equivalent of internal validity in quantitative
Presents a true picture of phenomena
“credible” or true interpretation of data
Trustworthiness!
In order to establish:
Decision trail-show how the decisions were made about editing, interpreting and presenting data
Triangulation-use many approaches
Credibility

4. Triangulation Method-use different ways
ALL: Bias reduced, credibility increased
Method-use different ways
Takes advantages of varied strengths
Data-compare data from multiple sources
Provides additional sources
Researcher-used more than one
Counteracts researcher bias
Theory-use competing theories to analyze
Deeper understanding of topic
Triangulation

5. Careful attention the researcher pays to their own role in their research
Acknowledges that a research may be biased
Researcher(own ideas, beliefs, etc)
Participant (demand effect, expectation bias)
Self-awareness and critical self-reflection
Linked to credibility
Reflexive questions:
How did I come to these conclusions?
How did my beliefs affect how I edited and interpreted the data?
If I approached the data from another perspective, how would this affect the results?
Reflexivity***

6. Transferability/Generalizability
Equivalent to external validity
Can it be transferred to other contexts or settings?
Is the sample representative?
Transferability/Generalizability

7. Dependability & Confirmability
Dependability=Reliability
Need to show how research addresses changing context
Confirmability=Objectivity
Similar to reflexivity
Can conduct data audit and/or critique contradictions
Dependability & Confirmability