1. Notes on Subatomic Particles
There are 3 subatomic particles in an atom: 1. 2. 3.
proton
neutron
electron

2. nucleus
Electrons
(negative)
Proton
Neutron
(positive)
(neutral)

3. Charge Location Mass Proton Neutron Electron Subatomic Particle
1 amu
(atomic mass unit)
positive
nucleus
(p+)
neutral
nucleus
1 amu
(n)
Zip around
nucleus in
shells
(e-)
negative
_1_ amu
1837

4. When using the periodic table to find subatomic particle information…
Atomic mass # A Z
symbol
Atomic #
Atomic mass # :
Is a number in decimal form
When you round it, it tells you the mass of p+ + n + e- x
Atomic # :
Tells the # of p+
Tells the # of e-
To find the # of neutrons:
Atomic mass # - atomic # = # neutrons

5. Atoms that aren’t typical
ISOTOPE – atom with a number of neutrons that is higher or lower than what’s indicated on the periodic table (typically radioactive)
ION – atom with a number of electrons that is higher (anion) or lower (cation) than what’s indicated on the periodic table

6. Examples on Subatomic Particle Worksheet:
symbol
name Z p+ n A e- Na 23 51 91
133 55 23
sodium 11 11 12 11 11 91 Zr
zirconium 40 40 40 40 Cs
cesium 55 55 78
133 55

7. Notes on the Periodic Table
Periodic table created by Dimitri Mendeleev
He organized it by increasing mass
(doesn’t work…look at #27 and #28)
and by similar properties
NOW organized by increasing atomic number and by similar properties

8. Organization of the Periodic Table
Rows () – periods, shells, energy levels,
electron clouds
Columns (↕) – groups, families, # of valence
electrons
Left of Zig Zag Line - metals, cations (positive ions)
Zig Zag Line – metalloids, semi-metals, semiconductors
Right of ZigZag Line – non-metals, anions (negative ions)

9. Families of the Periodic Table
Column 1 – Alkali Metals
Column 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals
Column 8 (18) – Nobel Gases
Column 7 (17) – Halogens
Column 6 (16) – Oxygen Family
* Column 5 (15) – Nitrogen Family
**Note: Only Down to Zig Zag line for Oxygen Family and Nitrogen Family!!

10. Families of the Periodic Table continued…
Middle of the periodic table …
TRANSITION METALS
Coinage Family (Cu, Ag, Au)
Lanthanides (1st row on bottom)
Actinides (2nd row on bottom)