27. IMPERIALISM

28. The CONQUEST of Distance

29. Transcontinental Railroads

30. Trans-Atlantic Telegraph (1858)

31. Quinine
Used to treat malaria – a common disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and India
Bitter Taste – best when combined with other ingredients
Tonic Water

32. Maxim gun

33. The World is getting smaller than ever!
Canals
Suez Canal
(1869)
Panama Canal
(1914)
Map by Strebe
The World is getting smaller than ever!

34. European Diaspora
Map by Strebe

35. Nearly 40% of the world’s population in 1914 was of European descent.
European Diaspora
Nearly 40% of the world’s population in was of European descent.
Map by Strebe

36. Developed vs. Developing
This didn’t exist before the Industrial Revolution(s)
Map by Canuckguy and Tomtom2732

37. The Projection of European POWER

38. New Imperialism
European nations take control over most of the globe.
Obtain resources and show of strength
Different from “Old Imperialism” of the Age of Exploration
New technology means access to new locations
Indirect rule is used with great frequency

39. of global land mass and population before WWI
The British Empire
1/4
of global land mass and population before WWI

40. “The sun never sets on the British Empire.”
Photo by F Mira

41. Africa The “Dark Continent”
In 1880, Westerners had only claimed a few coastal areas… the rest was a mystery.

42. Africa
1880 – 1914
Several European nations claim portions of Africa

43. The Scramble for Africa
1886
1914

44. Belgian Congo King Leopold governed directly
Local inhabitants treated harshly
Rubber is the motivating force

48. Sir Cecil Rhodes British Made a fortune mining diamonds in S. Africa
DeBeers Corporation
“Band of Brothers”
Rhodesia
Rhodes Scholarships
Philanthropy

52. British Imperial Wars (Africa)
Boer Wars
vs. Boers (Afrikaners)
Descendents of original Dutch Calvinist colonists
Anglo-Zulu War
vs. native Zulu tribe
Boer guerrillas during the Second Boer War

53. British India British East India Company (Until 1858)
“Mutiny” ( )
Sepoy Rebellion
Raj ( )
India governed directly by British gov.

54. British India Administration 3,500 member British civil service
British Officials
Indian Population
Administration
3,500 member British civil service
300 Million Indians

55. British India The British established a secondary education system
British Officials
Indian Population
Indian Elite
The British established a secondary education system
English-speaking, Indian elite served in the British government and army
Absorbed British culture

56. Glass Ceiling Highest positions were still filled by the British
British Officials
Indian Population
Indian Elite
Highest positions were still filled by the British
Resentment
Nationalism starts with this offended Indian elite

57. China Closed System 1500 – Most Advanced Technologies
Europeans borrow during Age of Exploration
1800 – Behind Europe Technologically

58. China China still not interested in European goods in 19th century
British have to pay for Chinese goods with silver.

59. China Opium Trade Grown in India, sold in China
Opium Wars ,
British Win – gain Hong Kong
(returned to China in 1997)
British India
Opium
China
Silver

61. Japan 1500s – Jesuit missionaries arrive
1600s – Jesuits – and all outsiders – expelled
1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry (U.S.N.) demands negotiations
Japan opens/Westernizes

63. Reasons for New Imperialism
Technology Gap in late 19th century
Greater than any time before or since
National Security
Protect investments (e.g., Suez Canal)
Naval Bases
Special Interests (missionaries, etc.)
Natural Resources / Expand Markets
Adventure
Civilizing Mission
Education ( Kipling’s “White Man’s Burden”)

64. Social Darwinism Origin of the Species (1859) Evolutionary theory
Common descent
Survival of the fittest

65. Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism applies Darwin’s scientific findings to justify fierce competition between individuals and nations for dominance.
Herbert Spencer

66. Social Darwinism
“I contend… that we [English] are the finest race in the world and the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race.” -- Sir Cecil Rhodes [See McKay, 871]

67. Russo-Japanese War

68. Who Will Control Korea?

69. Westernization

70. British-built Japanese Battleship
Mikasa
British-built Japanese Battleship

71. Russia Loses Again

72. Japan Wins
First victory of an Asian Power over European Power