1. Steps towards proto-(Northern-)Atlantic From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACAN 1 Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012

2. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 2 NC North Atlantic Bak Joola CentralNorthern KWAATAY KARON KERAK EJAMAT BLISSFOGNYBANJAL GUSILAY KASA HULUF Bijogo Manjaku BalantaBayot

3. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 3 KWAATAY KARON KERAK EJAMAT BLISS FOGNY BANJAL GUSILAY KASA HULUF

4. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 4 KWAATAY KARON KERAK EJAMAT BLISS FOGNYBANJAL GUSILAY KASA HULUF Joola Carlton & Rand 1993 : lexistat

5. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 5 KWAATAY KARON KERAK EJAMAT BLISS FOGNY BANJAL GUSILAY KASA HULUF Carlton & Rand 1993 : splitstree

6. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 6 KWAATAY KARON KERAK EJAMAT BLISSFOGNYBANJAL GUSILAY KASA HULUF Joola Barry 1987

7. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 7

8. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 8 KWAATAY EJAMAT BLISS BANJAL KASA Data / Sources KARON GUSILAY KERAK FOGNY MLOMP ESULALU Sapir 1970 : Kujamutay (4833 recs), Weiss 1939 : Diola Fogny (4122 recs) Segerer 2011 : Kerak (1838 recs) Barry 1987 : Efok (EF) (197 recs) Sapir 1965 : Gusilay (524 recs) Bassène 2006 : Banjal (1087 recs) Payne 1992 : Kwaatay (1715 recs) Wilson 2007 : Karon (42 recs), Sambou 2007 : Karon (630 recs) Barry 1987 : Gulompaay (Gp) (200 recs) Diatta 2006 : Bliss (125 recs) Wintz 1909 : Diola (3565 recs) Sambou 1979 : Diola Kasa Esuulaaluur (520 recs) Total : 13 sources, 19398 records Joola reconstruction

9. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 9 Joola reconstruction Method : standard comparative method Tools : RefLex (www.reflex.cnrs.fr) RefLex 270+ languages 310000+ records

10. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 10 Joola reconstruction

11. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 11 Joola reconstruction BLSFNYKRKKSAKWTEJMMLPKRNESLGSLBNJ

12. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 12 BLSFNYKRKKSA *p > f *f > h KWT *l > n * ɬ > s EJM *r > l MLPKRNESLGSL *k# > x *CVV > CCV BNJ Joola subgrouping * ɬ > l* ɬ > Ø *k > g (CL) Joola *b > p

13. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 13 Lexical replacement proto-NC *DI eat Fogny-ri Karon-li Lexical cognacy issues FORM MEANING Kerak, Kwaatay -t ɛɲ ay banana Fogny- ɲɔɔ f ɛ t be starving Kerak- ɲɔɔ f ɔ Kwaatay- ɲɔɔ f ɔ Banjal, Efok-t ɩɲ Kasa-t ɛɲ Karon u-li rice Bijogo -t ɛɲ meat

14. From proto-Joola to proto-Bak Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 14 Lexical replacement Lexical cognacy issues Fogny- ɲɔɔ f ɛ t be starving Kerak- ɲɔɔ f ɔ Kwaatay- ɲɔɔ f ɔ more recent than *f > h BUT: *f > Fogny f, Kerak h, Karon h f f

15. Steps towards proto-(Northern-)Atlantic Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 15

16. Steps towards proto-(Northern-)Atlantic Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 16 PROTO-CENTRAL *g > ŋ, *d > n Bijogo*BAK *bu-gof head *g > k *V 1 ŋV 2 > V 1 V 2 > V 1 *C[fric, vls] > Ø / -# *bu-ŋof *bu-ŋo bu *bu-kof *fu-kow*C[fric, vls] > glide / -# *di-g ɛ s eye *n ɛ -ŋ ɛ s *n ɛ -ŋ ɛ *di-kis class change nɛnɛ *ji-kil *d > j / -i *JOOLA

17. proto-NC *DUM to bite Steps towards proto-(Northern-)Atlantic Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 17 *ŋar to take *ŋat to bite*rum to bite Northern Joola *??? to take

18. Steps towards proto-(Northern-)Atlantic Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 18 NorthernCentral North Atlantic NC Bak Joola *DUM to bite *dum to bite *ŋar to take *ŋat to bite

19. Guillaume Segerer – LLACANTowards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction – Paris, 21 sept 2012 19 MERCI !