1. Mr. Rupp AP Macroeconomics
Economic Growth & Productivity

2. Economic Growth Defined
Sustained increase in Real GDP over time.
Sustained increase in Real GDP per Capita over time.

3. Why Grow? Growth leads to greater prosperity for society.
Lessens the burden of scarcity.
Increases the general level of well-being.

4. Conditions for Growth Rule of Law
Sound Legal and Economic Institutions
Economic Freedom
Respect for Private Property
Political & Economic Stability
Low Inflationary Expectations
Willingness to sacrifice current consumption in order to grow
Saving
Trade

5. Physical Capital Tools, machinery, factories, infrastructure
Physical Capital is the product of Investment.
Investment is sensitive to interest rates and expected rates of return.
It takes capital to make capital.
Capital must be maintained.

6. Technology & Productivity
Research and development, innovation and invention yield increases in available technology.
More technology in the hands of workers increases productivity.
Productivity is output per worker.
More Productivity = Economic Growth.

7. Human Capital
People are a country’s most important resource. Therefore human capital must be developed.
Education
Economic Freedom
The right to acquire private property
Incentives
Clean Water
Stable Food Supply
Access to technology

8. Growth Illustrated
LRAS
SRAS PL P AD YF
GDPR

9. Growth Illustrated
LRAS PL
SRAS P AD YF
GDPR

10. Growth Illustrated or . . 
Capital Goods 
PPC
PPC1 
Consumer Goods

11. Hindrances to Growth Economic and Political Instability
High inflationary expectations
Absence of the rule of law
Diminished Private Property Rights
Negative Incentives
The welfare state
Lack of Savings
Excess current consumption
Failure to maintain existing capital
Crowding Out of Investment
Government deficits & debt increasing long term interest rates!
Increased income inequality  Populist policies
Restrictions on Free International Trade