1. Sedimentary Rocks

2. A Sedimentary Rock is…..
rock formed from the lithification or crystallization of:
Minerals in solution
Organic remains
Materials produced by living things (biochemical)
Clastic Sediments (rock fragments of all sizes)

3. Lithification-to harden and form rock (Deposition, Compaction, Cementation)

4. Silica Crystals

5. Crystallization- Solidification of dissolved minerals from solution.

6. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic-Made of fragments of other rocks.
Chemical-Made from dissolved minerals.
Biochemical-Made by living things, but was never alive (seashells).
Organic-Made of the organic remains of living things.

7. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks- Gravel Conglomerate

8. Conglomerate
from gravel
from mud
Clastic
Sedimentary
Rocks
from sand

9. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks- Gypsum

10. Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks- Biochemical Limestone

11. Swamp
Organic Sedimentary Rocks- Coal

12. Sediment- Rock fragments, dissolved minerals and remains of living and nonliving parts of plants and animals.

13. Clastic Sediments- Fragments of pre-existing rock.

14. Sand Bar

15. Gravel Bar

16. Tallus Pile

17. Glacial Sediment

18. Chemical Sediments- Minerals in solution in water.

23. Biochemical Sediments- Nonliving remains of plants and animals.

25. Organic Sediments-remains of the living tissues of plants and animals.

26. Peat- Plant remains

28. Sedimentary Rocks are identified by their horizontal layers called…….

29. Beds or Strata

30. Sediment Classification I
Sediments Are Classified Based On:
Origin and Composition (What they are made of).

31. Rock Fragments

32. Organic Remains

33. Biochemical Remains

34. Chemical Sediments

35. Sediment Classification II
2. Size of the sediment (clastic sediments range in size from clay to boulders)

36. Boulders

38. Cobble Stones

39. Gravel

40. Pebbles

41. Sand

42. Silt

43. Clay Sediments

44. Sediment Production
Sediments are produced by:
Weathering (breaking down) and Erosion (transport) of
Parent material
by:
Chemical and Physical Processes.

45. Weathering by wind-blown sand (Physical weathering)

47. Weathering and Erosion by Glacier (physical)

49. Glacier Scrapes

50. Weathering by Ice Wedging (Physical)

52. Exfoliation (Physical)

54. Weathering by Living Things (Biomechanical/Physical)

55. Chemical Weathering by water

56. Chemical Weathering of Limestone

57. Weathering by Living Things (Biochemical)

58. Sediment Transport Sediments are transported from:
Source to Location of Deposition
by:
Wind, Water, Gravity, Ice and Volcanic- Eruption

59. Transport Mechanisms

60. Wind

61. Water

62. Ice

63. Gravity

64. Volcanic Eruption

65. Sediment Characteristics
Determined by:
Extent of Weathering
Duration of Weathering
Type of Transport
Distance of Transport

66. Clastic Sedimentary Rock Classification
Clastic Sedimentary rocks are classified based upon:
Grain Size
Grain Shape

67. Grain Size

68. Clastic Sedimentary Rock Classification: Grain Shape

69. Jagged Clastic Sediments

71. Rounded Clastic Sediments

72. Conglomerate

73. How Sedimentary Rocks are Formed

74. Step 1: Sediment Production
Mechanical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Biomechanical Weathering
Biochemical Weathering

75. Step 2: Sediment Transport
Wind
Water
Glaciers
Gravity
Volcanic Eruption

76. Shaping of Sediments

77. Step 4: Sorting of Clastic Sediments

78. The Force and Energy of the transport agent
Sorting of Sediments
Sediments are Sorted by their Transport Agents According to:
S I z e of the Sediment
And
The Force and Energy of the transport agent

79. Sorting of Sediments
Very Poorly Sorted
Very Well Sorted

83. Poorly Sorted Clastic Sediments

84. Sorting of Sediments: Glaciers

88. Step 5:Lithification: Deposition
Deposition (to lay down) happens when:
-the Transport Agent no longer has the energy/force required to carry the Sediment
Determined by:
-Size/Weight of Sediments
-Amount of Energy/Force in Transport Agent

89. Step 6: Lithification: Compaction

90. Step 7: Lithification: Cementation

91. Conglomerates, Sandstone and Shale

92. Clastic Sedimentary Rock Names: Particle Size and Shape
The name of a Clastic Sedimentary Rock is determined by the size and shape of the sediments that make up the rock.

93. Clastic Sedimentary Rock Names: Particle Size
Sand
Gravel
Silt
Clay
Conglomerate Sandstone Siltstone Shale

94. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone
Siltstone
Mudstone

96. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Mudstone and Siltstone
Arkose

97. Sedimentary Rocks of Chemical Origin

98. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Precipitation and Evaporation

99. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Evaporites
Halite
Gypsum

100. Travertine Stalactites

101. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Evaporites
Salt Flats

102. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Carbonates
The Carbonate Sedimenatary Rocks are composed of mostly Calcium Carbonate.
The Carbonates are divided into:
Inorganic Carbonates
And
Biochemical Carbonates (contains remains of living things)

103. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates
Travertine

104. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates

105. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates
Travertine

106. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Inorganic Carbonates
Inorganic Limestone

107. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Silica-based Sedimentary Rocks
Chert (Flint) Nodules

108. Geodes

109. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates
Biochemical Limestone
Stromatolitic Limestone

110. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates
Biochemical Limestone

111. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks: Biochemical Carbonates
Chalk
Coquina

112. Sedimentary Rocks of Organic Origin

113. Organic Sedimentary Rocks: Coal

114. Sedimentary Formations

115. Stratification

117. Graded Bedding

119. Cross-Bedding
Bedding Planes not Parallel

123. Ripple Marks
Beach
River

129. Mudcracks

130. Mud Cracks

132. Fossils

133. Fossils: Molds

134. Fossils: Casts