1. CASE STUDY: Greenwich Millennium Village- Sustainable City Living:
Regeneration of Greenwich
This is 1 of many schemes in the UK where homes are being built in ways that let people live more sustainably.
The scheme finished in 2010.
Its claims to sustain
Target was for homes to use 80% less energy.
30% less water.
The materials were sustainable such as cedar wood from a sustainable wood.
Aluminium was used because it lasts and can eventually be recycled.
The sites itself was a brownfield site which has been cleared of pollution.
The houses are designed to take advantage of sunlight and be protected from cold east winds.
I can’t believe people will pay out £350,000 to live on a toxic waste site overlooking the O2 and some old gas works. What about the people who used to live in the area?
It provides an excellent example of how development can be delivered to meet the challenging needs of the environment. It looks fantastic considering if was a mess beforehand.
Factfile
20 hectares of park land
24,000 new jobs
150 new shops
Community and leisure facilities in the area e.g. O2.
An integrated primary school and health centres.
Pedestrian and cycle routes.

2. Multicultural Communities
Leeds
People segregate due to fear, religion, culture, food etc.
Below are a list of strategies used to support the integration of multicultural communities in Leeds.
Providing new facilities
Producing information in a variety of languages
Involving all ethnic cultures in community decisions
Provide interpreters in local services e.g. hospitals and schools
Provide suitable services for all cultures e.g. same sex doctors
Provide training to teach ethnic groups English and new skills

3. City Challenge- Hulme, Manchester- Inner City Improvement
City challenge was where cities have to complete to get funding from the government. (1990’s).
Local authorities, private companies and the local community worked together from the start to make changes that suit the needs of the area. This meant it was viewed as more sustainable as local people know their needs.
Solutions:
1960’s tower blocks were demolished.
In 1992 City Challenge was launched in Hulme
Homes were designed to be energy efficient.
Local schools and park was built.
Houses went back to traditional layout.
This could come up as a 2 mark question where they ask you to define City Challenge, or it could be an 8 mark question on how to improve Inner City areas

4. How to approach an 8 mark question about Inner City improvement the 3 developed sentences:
City Road Surgery- This was the local doctors surgery they designed it so that the roof was completely burglar proof so that drugs could not be stolen. The big airy glass building provided lots of advice and support to try and ensure that issues did not occur in the first place. This was sustainable as it meant that the drug and crime problems were curtailed and that community members had people they could go to.
The Zion Arts Centre- was an old Edwardian Church that they turned into a young persons performing arts and craft centre. By going and being part of the Zion Centre the young people were taken off the streets and hopefully would not become part of gang culture making the community and their living experiences more sustainable.
Homes for Change- This was a collection of different sorts of houses for different sorts of needs. There were one bedroom flats, 3 bedroom houses, built in different styles so that it didn’t all look the same like the crescent shapes had. This was more sustainable as it helped to create a real community

5. Squatter settlements and improvements Rochina, Rio de Janerio
The worldwide slum problem is too big to ignore, now that an average of 45% of urban populations in developing world cities live in slums.
Solutions:
In 1990, the Brazilian government decided to try and upgrade the favelas rather than remove them.
Favela Barrio Project pg 60 revision book
£200 million to improve 60 out of 600 favelas in Brazil.
Improved the characteristic's by paving roads, installing power, installing sewage systems.
These improvements made the house prices rise which led to many not affording to live there. Moved to areas where their hadn’t been upgrades.
The needed training in numeracy and literacy.
Issues:
Low quality housing – built with low quality material
High Unemployment
Major crime problems
Jobs are temporary, part time and low paid
No drains, sewage or water supply
Public transport is overcrowded, dangerous and very limited
No gas or electricity
Few schools and little medical care
Disease common
Dirt track roads
Rubbish dumped in the streets

6. For a place that you have studied explain how they have tried to improve squatter settlement living (8 Marks) 1. Name, Date, Locate: Favela-Bairro Project,1995, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2. Go through photocopy sheet- highlight any number or place name- this is specific place detail 3. Take one social, environmental, economic, community involvement improvement and make a sentence on each.

7. CASE STUDY: Pollution in LEDC’s
This is all about have a few examples instead of one large example to support your points.
Environmental disasters:
3rd December 1984
Industrial accident in Indian city of Bhopal.
Poisonous gases escaped from a chemical plant and killed at least 3000 people.
Around 50,000 suffered permanent disabilities.
Water Pollution:
The Ganges River contains untreated sewage, cremated remains, chemicals and diseases.
Cows wade into the River.
Coca Cola have been reported to dump their toxic waste from their production plants.
Waste and Pollution:
In Shanghai, the construction industry is creating 30,000 tonnes of waste a day.
Responsible for 75% of emissions.
73% of electricity is created by coal-fired stations.

8. CASE STUDY: Reducing Pollution in LEDC’s
This is again about little examples to support an 8 mark question on solutions
Air Pollution:
Low sulphur used in China to try and reduce issue.
Mexico City have tried to target co2 from cars and one on day even-numbered vehicles allowed in a city and on another day only odd-numbered vehicles.
Water Pollution:
In 1986 Ganges Action Plan sought to introduce water treatment plans.
But the increasing population was not taken into account and therefore it cant cope with the increase and water quality is deteriorated again.
Waste disposal:
In Shanghai, an effective solid waste disposal unit has been installed in most houses and waste is broken down into fertilizer used in surrounding rural areas.
In Sao Paul they burn the waste but does lead to air pollution

9. A model is just a simplification of
MEDCs
A model is just a simplification of
reality
The Core and Frame Model is how the CBD of the Burgess Model can be divided up

10. CBD improvement Improvements
New Bullring opened in 2003, total cost £500 million
Information screens helping people to know where to go- (may not always come to the Bullring)
In 2000 the Former Royal Mail Sorting Office turned into the “Mailbox” luxury shopping mall
Birmingham New Street Station, totally refurbished trying to make it more of an international gateway
mingham-cbd-pres
This slideshare presentation has an excellent overview of the topic
There has always been a market there since he 12th century
Birmingham Council redeveloped the bullring site in the 1990s

11. LEDCs
You notice that it looks really similar, you just have those extra sectors which cut across the circles…

12. Pollution: When you are talking about pollution you have got to be really specific. You will not be awarded a mark for just saying pollution- it is too general you must specify “Water Pollution” “Air Pollution” “Noise Pollution”