1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Process where food is broken down to release energy to do work
(opposite of photosynthesis)

2. First step
Glycolysis
Glucose converted to 2 pyruvate molecules and energy
Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
2 ATP needed to start the process, 4ATP produced along with Pyruvate and 2NADH (stores energy). Most energy still in the pyruvate.

3. Aerobic step 2
Takes place in the MITOCHONDRIA in the presence of oxygen
Pyruvate converted to CO2, H2O and ENERGY
ATP is produced in
Krebs Cycle (citric acid)
Electron transport chain
1 glucose molecule produces (4ATP’s, 10 NADH, FADH2) x 2
NADH and FADH2 are transferred to the electron trans. chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondion where ATP is formed.

4. Aerobic step 3
The electron trans. chain pumps H+ out through membrane causing the diffusion( through special protein channels) of ADP converting it to ATP
Oxygen is final electron receptor and is converted to H2O by NADH
NAD+ and FAD+ are free to pick up circulating electrons and return to ETC process.
36 ATP’s produced
34 from aerobic respiration
2 from glycolysis

5. ANAEROBIC Energy released from food w/out presence of oxygen
Only a small amount of energy produced by this process
2 forms
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation
Each only produce 2ATP molecules

6. ALCOHOLIC Pyruvate molecules produce CO2 and ETHANOL
Occurs in yeast (fungus)
Pyruvate molecules produce CO2 and ETHANOL
Pyruvate + NADH  Ethanol + NAD+ + CO2
Recycles NAD for glycolysis  little ATP
Used by bakers (bread)
Ferments carbs in dough , prod. CO2 causing bread to rise
Making wine, beer and gasohol

7. LACTIC ACID Produced in muscle cells thro’ convertion of pyruvate
Occurs during strenuous exercise (lack of O2)
NADH trans. H+ to pyruvate  lactic acid and NAD+ which is needed during glycolysis to produce ATP
Build up of Lactic acid leads to muscle fatigue
Acid diffuses into blood stream and trans to Liver where converted to pyruvate